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. 2020 Oct 29;13(21):4851. doi: 10.3390/ma13214851

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© 2020 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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(a) Represents the important steps involved in inkjet printing of triple-cation multicrystalline perovskite (TCP) thin films: (1) ink preparation, (2) inkjet printing, (3) drying and annealing: The printed TCP wet film is transferred to a vacuum chamber to accelerate the rate of removal of the solvents to induce nucleation of the perovskite thin film. (b) SEM images of cross sections of PSCs with inkjet-printed perovskite films with different resolutions. Reproduced with permission from ref. [174], Copyright 2020, Advanced Energy Materials.