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. 2020 Oct 31;17(21):8036. doi: 10.3390/ijerph17218036

Table 2.

Variables chosen by lasso analysis across time points of the COVID-19 pandemic.

Category 4/1/2020 5/1/2020 6/1/2020 7/1/2020 8/1/2020
Demographics Percent non-Hispanic White (βz = −0.056) Percent non-Hispanic White (βz = −0.11) Percent non-Hispanic White (βz = −0.055) Percent non-Hispanic White (βz = −0.174)
Segregation index—Black:White (βz = 0.088)
Percent under 18 years of age (βz = 0.034)
Percent female (βz = −0.067)
Percent not proficient in English (βz = 0.086)
Health indicators Percent who report poor or fair health (βz = 0.192) Percent who report poor or fair health (βz = 0.09)
Access to care Women with annual mammography (βz = 0.055)
Percent with annual flu vaccine (βz = −0.062)
Urban vs. rural spread Violent crimes rate (βz = 0.14) Violent crimes rate (βz = 0.063)
Long commute who drive alone (βz = −0.066) Long commute who drive alone (βz = −0.183)
Average daily PM2.5 (βz = 0.069)
Socioeconomic Children in single-family homes (βz = 0.132) Children in single-family homes (βz = 0.012) Teen birth rate (βz = 0.035)
Children in poverty (βz = 0.116) Children in poverty (βz = 0.125)
Low birthweight (βz = 0.015) Low birthweight (βz = −0.076) Children qualifying for free lunch (βz = 0.115)
Child mortality rate (βz = 0.19) Child mortality rate (βz = 0.042) Child mortality rate (βz = 0.11)
Uninsured adults (βz = −0.054) Uninsured adults (βz = 0.078)
Model adjusted r-squared 0.0930 0.2011 0.1421 0.2322 0.4525
Model F statistic 16.99 7.63 6.23 10.56 11.88
Model p-value <0.0001 <0.0001 <0.0001 <0.0001 <0.0001