Table 1.

Toxic and essential elements concentrations in rice and other grains.

Sample	White Rice (US)				White Rice (Italy, India, Thailand)				Brown Rice				Other Grains
		Percentile				Percentile				Percentile				Percentile
μg/kg (Dry Weight)	Mean (Min–Max)	25th	50th	75th	Mean (Min–Max)	25th	50th	75th	Mean (Min–Max)	25th	50th	75th	Mean (Min–Max)	25th	50th	75th
As	129	90.3	131	157	136	93	155	167	243	180	217	291	7.6	3.2	5.4	9.1
	(65–202)				(58–183)				(139–403)				(1.9–26)
Pb	5.6	2.4	2.8	5	14	2.5	3.6	7.6	7.4	2.6	4.5	11	9.7	3.5	4.6	8
	(0.2–32)				(2–96)				(1.4–34)				(1.2–80)
Cd	11	4.7	6.5	12	12	5.1	8.4	17	24	9.5	17.4	42	11	2.6	6.7	49
	(1.7–71)				(3.1–27)				(7.7–65)				(1.2–49)
Mg/kg (Dry weight)
Mg	260	98	261	314	140	78	123	212	1220	1100	1240	1340	1190	967	1090	1430
	(55–1110)				(52–266)				(937–1410)				(490–2090)
Ca	57	36	41	65	61	34	43	56	87	74	86	96	520	294	455	603
	(24–234)				(23–222)				(64–116)				(135–2073)
K	833	575	680	932	624	497	574	742	2413	2155	2355	2731	7915	4035	8894	9910
	(270–2252)				(477–891)				(1981–3003)				(2157–15986)
Fe	4.3	2	3	7	2.3	2	2	2.5	12	10	12	14	55	38.7	60	53.8
	(1–11)				(1–4)				(7–16)				(23–114)
Mn	11	8	10	12	8.8	7	8	10.5	29.2	26	30	33	19	12	14	25.6
	(5–27)				(7–13)				(18–35)				(8–42)
Cu	2.67	2.2	2.5	2.69	2.48	1.61	1.77	3.84	3.43	2.87	3.45	3.9	7.8	5.29	8.03	10.1
	(1.8–5.2)				(1.39–4.43)				(2.24–4.77)				(3.64–12.1)
Zn	12.5	11.3	12	14.8	13.2	12	13	14.3	18.2	16	18	20.5	28	21.5	29	32
	(8–19)				(12–15)				(15–23)				(19–40)