| AhR | aryl hydrocarbon receptor |
| BSA | bovine serum albumin |
| BrdU | 5′-bromo-2′-deoxy-uridine |
| CDK | cyclin-dependent kinase |
| DMEM | Dulbecco’s modified Eagle’s medium |
| DMSO | dimethyl sulfoxide |
| FBS | fetal bovine serum |
| FICZ | 6-formylindolo[3,2-b]carbazole |
| FITC | fluorescein isothiocyanate |
| HBSS | Hanks’ Balanced Salt solution |
| HEMa | normal human adult primary epidermal melanocytes |
| IDO | indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase |
| KYNA | kynurenic acid |
| KYN | kynurenine |
| LDH | lactic dehydrogenase |
| PBS | phosphate buffered saline |
| Rb | retinoblastoma tumor suppressor protein |
| SEM | standard error of the mean |
| TDO | tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase |
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