Symbol	Property	Unit
r	reaction rate	mol kg−1 s−1
${\mathrm{c}}_{\mathrm{S}}$	substrate concentration	mol kg−1
${\mathrm{c}}_{\mathrm{P}}$	product concentration	mol kg−1
L	phenomenological coefficient/kinetic parameter	s−1
$\mathsf{\iota }$	thermodynamic driving force	-
${\Delta }_{\mathrm{R}}\mathrm{G}$	Gibbs free energy change of biochemical reaction	J mol−1
${\Delta }_{\mathrm{R}}{\mathrm{G}}^{\mathrm{o}, \mathrm{o}\mathrm{b}\mathrm{s}}$	standard Gibbs free energy change of biochemical reaction	J mol−1
$\mathrm{R}$	universal gas constant (8.314 J∙mol−1∙K−1)	J mol−1 K−1
$\mathrm{T}$	temperature	K
${\mathrm{a}}_{\mathrm{i}}$	activity of component $\mathrm{i}$	-
${\mathrm{c}}_{\mathrm{i}}$	concentration of component $\mathrm{i}$	mol kg−1
${\mathrm{k}}_{\mathrm{c}\mathrm{a}\mathrm{t}}^{}$	kinetic constant of reaction	s−1
${\mathrm{K}}_{\mathrm{S}/\mathrm{P}}$	Michaelis constant for substrate/product	mol kg−1
${\mathrm{c}}_{\mathrm{i}}^0$	concentration of component $\mathrm{i}$ at time 0	mol kg−1
${\mathrm{c}}_{\mathrm{i}}^{\mathrm{e}\mathrm{q}}$	equilibrium concentration of component $\mathrm{i}$	mol kg−1
${\mathrm{r}}_{\mathrm{m}\mathrm{a}\mathrm{x}}$	maximum reaction rate	mol kg−1 s−1
Λ	kinetic parameter $\mathrm{\Lambda }= \frac{{\mathrm{r}}_{\mathrm{m}\mathrm{a}\mathrm{x}}}{{\mathrm{K}}_{\mathrm{S}}}$	s−1
Q	heat	J
${\Delta }_{\mathrm{R}}\mathrm{H}$	reaction enthalpy change of biochemical reaction	J mol−1
${\Delta }_{\mathrm{R}}{\mathrm{S}}^{0, \mathrm{o}\mathrm{b}\mathrm{s}}$	standard entropy change of biochemical reaction	J mol−1 K−1
P	heat production rate	W
m	mass	kg
${\mathrm{K}}_{\mathrm{c}}$	equilibrium-molality ratio of biochemical reaction	-/mol kg−1
${\mathrm{K}}_{\mathrm{a}}$	thermodynamic equilibrium constant of biochemical reaction	-
${\mathrm{K}}_{\mathsf{\gamma }}$	activity-coefficient ratio of biochemical reaction	-/mol kg−1
${\mathsf{\gamma }}_{\mathrm{i}}^{*,\mathrm{m}}$	rational activity coefficient of component $\mathrm{i}$ on molality base	-
${\mathsf{\epsilon }}_{\mathrm{r}}$	relative dielectric constant	-