| PEMFs | Pulsed Electromagnetic Fields |
| VEGF | Vascular endothelial growth factor |
| EPO | Erythropoietin |
| TGF-β1 | Transforming growth factor-beta 1 |
| ACM | Astrocyte conditioned medium |
| OGD | Oxygen-glucose deprivation |
| BBB | Blood-brain barrier |
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