Table 3.
Binding properties of beer samples, standard flavonoids and phenolic acids with human serum proteins.
| Beer Code | λem (nm) | FI (A.U.) | Binding to HSA (%) | λem (nm) | FI (A.U.) | Binding to PCF (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| MACC | 349 | 731.8 ± 2.1 c,d | 24.1 ± 2.5 b | 347 | 674.9 ± 2.8 d | 14.1 ± 0.9 c |
| GOLD | 350 | 713.6 ± 2.6 d | 26.0 ± 2.8 a,b | 348 | 666.3 ± 1.2 e | 15.1 ± 1.2 b |
| HEIN | 347 | 750.9 ± 3.8 b,c | 22.2 ± 2.7 c | 346 | 684.3 ± 2.7 c | 12.8 ± 0.8 d |
| CARL | 346 | 759.4 ± 3.5 b,c | 21.3 ± 2.6 c,d | 346 | 683.6 ± 2.8 c | 12.9 ± 1.1 d |
| MGD | 346 | 755.3 ± 4.2 b,c | 21.7 ± 1.9 c,d | 346 | 685.9 ± 2.1 c | 12.6 ± 0.9 d |
| COR | 345 | 763.9 ± 4.3 b,c | 20.8 ± 1.5 d | 346 | 686.7 ± 2.7 c | 12.5 ± 1.1 d |
| ORJB | 348 | 745.1 ± 5.8 c | 22.8 ± 1.9c | 346 | 680.0 ± 3.0 c | 13.3 ± 1.2 c,d |
| AMST | 349 | 735.9 ± 5.5 c,d | 23.7 ± 1.3 b,c | 346 | 676.5 ± 4.1 d | 13.8 ± 1.1 c,d |
| KAM | 350 | 671.3 ± 6.3 e | 30.4 ± 1.4a | 350 | 646.7 ± 4.3 f | 17.6 ± 1.5 a |
| ROST | 351 | 663.2 ± 7.3 e | 31.3 ± 1.5 a | 350 | 642.4 ± 4.2 f | 18.1 ± 1.3 a |
| ŻYW | 347 | 748.8 ± 4.2 c | 22.4 ± 0.9 c | 346 | 682.8 ± 4.0 c | 13.0 ± 0.9 c,d |
| EtOH | 344 | 934.8 ± 2.9 a | 3.1 ± 0.2 f | 343 | 764.3 ± 5.9 a,b | 2.6 ± 0.1 f |
| Catechin | 348 | 743.8 ± 4.4 c | 22.9 ± 1.9 c | 344 | 736.9 ± 5.7 b | 6.1 ± 0.7 e |
| Epicatechin | 348 | 745.7 ± 4.8 c | 22.7 ± 2.0 c | 344 | 738.7 ± 5.4 b | 6.9 ± 0.9 e |
| Quercetin | 347 | 754.4 ± 4.7 b,c | 21.8 ± 2.1 c,d | 344 | 743.2 ± 6.1 b | 5.3 ± 0.5 e,f |
| Caffeic acid | 345 | 820.1 ± 3.2 a,b | 14.9 ± 1.5 e | 360 | 667.9 ± 4.9 e | 14.9 ± 1.1 c |
| Ferulic acid | 345 | 803.6 ± 5.2 b | 16.7 ± 1.5 d,e | 360 | 663.9 ± 4.9 e | 15.4 ± 0.9 b |
| HSA/buffer | 343 | 964.7 ± 3.8 a | - | - | - | - |
| PCF/buffer | - | - | - | 344 | 784.8 ± 4.9 a | - |
Values are means ± SD of 5 measurements; Means within a column with the different superscripts are statistically different (p < 0.05; Student’s t-test). Abbreviations: Maccabee (MACC); Goldstar (GOLD); Heineken (HEIN); Carlsberg (CARL); Miller Genuine Draft (MGD); Corona (COR); Oranjeboom (ORJB); Amstel (AMST); Kamenitza (KAM); Rostocker (ROST); Żywiec (ŻYW); human serum albumin (HSA); maximum emission peak (λem); fluorescence intensity (FI); arbitral units (A.U.); plasma circulation fibrinogen (PCF).; Binding to HSA (%) and binding to PCF (%) is the % decrease of fluorescence emission of the fractions of the binding sites of the proteins occupied by the ligand.