Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of non-stroke controls and stroke patients.
| Variables | Stroke Patients | Non-Stroke Controls | p-Value |
|---|---|---|---|
| (n = 91) | (n = 91) | ||
| Age (years) | 69 (14) | 68 (13) | 0.916 |
| Gender, n (%) | 1 | ||
| Male | 59 (64.84) | 59 (64.84) | |
| Female | 32 (35.16) | 32 (35.16) | |
| Body mass index, kg/m2 | 22.51 ± 3.12 | 22.62 ± 3.53 | 0.826 |
| Physical activity, n (%) | 0.432 | ||
| No | 28 (30.77) | 33 (36.26) | |
| Yes | 63 (69.23) | 58 (63.74) | |
| Vascular risk factors, n (%) | |||
| Hypertension | 74 (81.32) | 57 (62.64) | 0.005 b |
| Hyperlipidemia | 73 (80.22) | 54 (59.34) | 0.002 b |
| Diabetes mellitus | 26 (28.57) | 8 (8.79) | 0.001 b |
| Impaired fasting glucose | 9 (9.89) | 16 (17.58) | 0.132 |
| Smoking status, n (%) | 0.581 | ||
| No | 71 (78.02) | 74 (81.32) | |
| Yes | 20 (21.98) | 17 (18.68) | |
| Alcohol drinking, n (%) | 0.155 | ||
| No | 84 (92.31) | 78 (85.71) | |
| Yes | 7 (7.69) | 13 (14.29) | |
| Barthel index, mean ± SD | 85.33 ± 25.73 | 100.00 ± 0.00 | <0.0001 a |
| 0–20, n (%) | 5 (5.49) | 0 (0.00) | |
| 21–60, n (%) | 13 (14.28) | 0 (0.00) | |
| 61–90, n (%) | 10 (10.99) | 0 (0.00) | |
| 91–99, n (%) | 9 (9.89) | 0 (0.00) | |
| 100, (%) | 54 (59.34) | 91 (100.00) | |
| Modified Rankin Scale, mean ± SD | 1.73 ± 1.28 | N/A | N/A |
| (0–2), n (%) | 65 (71.43) | N/A | N/A |
| (3–5), n (%) | 26 (28.57) | N/A | N/A |
| Biochemical parameters | |||
| FBS (mg/dL) | 95.00 (18.25) | 93.00 (14.25) | 0.224 |
| TG (mg/dL) | 119.00 (89.25) | 130.00 (67.50) | 0.544 |
| TC (mg/dL) | 164.28 ± 41.50 | 203.20 ± 37.93 | <0.0001 c |
| LDL-c (mg/dL) | 98.50 (41.25) | 128.80 (48.10) | <0.0001 a |
| HDL-c (mg/dL) | 50.16 ± 12.74 | 49.67 ± 12.18 | 0.663 |
| CAT (U/L) | 132.21 (98.61) | 76.85 (96.80) | <0.0001 a |
| SOD (U/L) | 3149.00 (2350.38) | 3791.42 (2716.27) | <0.0001 a |
| Hydrogen peroxide (µM) | 14.40 (7.75) | 18.76 (8.88) | 0.064 |
| MDA (µM) | 7.05 (3.49) | 5.98 (5.68) | 0.022 a |
| TNF-α (pg/mL) | 37.93 (58.63) | 22.17 (21.69) | 0.004 a |
| IL-6 (pg/mL) | 27.30 (71.94) | 42.51 (88.36) | 0.144 |
CAT, catalase; FBS, fasting blood sugar; HDL-c, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; IL-6, interleukin 6; LDL-c, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; MDA, malondialdehyde; N/A, not available; SOD, superoxide dismutase; TC, total cholesterol; TG, triglyceride; TNF-α, tumor necrosis factor-alpha. a p < 0.05, Mann–Whitney U test, b p < 0.05, chi-square test, c p < 0.05, independent t-test.