Table 3.
Results of the difference-in-differences (DID) analysis 1 for outpatient clinic visit frequency, total prescriptions, OOP outpatient visit expenditure, and OOP prescription drug expenditure by group and time.
| Variable | Outpatient Clinic Visit Frequency, Beta (SE) | Total Prescriptions, Beta (SE) | OOP Outpatient Visit Expenditure, Beta (SE) | OOP Prescription Drug Expenditure, Beta (SE) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Group | ||||
| case | 0.70 (1.19) | 1.00 (0.61) * | 36.30 (53.59) | 3.33 (7.84) |
| control | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. |
| Time | ||||
| post- | 0.44 (0.68) | 0.21 (0.32) | −8.01 (48.91) | 4.57 (4.13) |
| pre- | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. |
| Case group × post-time | 1.83 (0.98) * | 0.67 (0.45) | −39.03 (69.64) | −1.89 (5.83) |
1 Adjustments were made for sex, residential area, educational attainment, household equivalent income, the number of chronic diseases, smoking status, and survey year.* p < 0.1. Abbreviations: DID, difference-in-differences; OOP, out-of-pocket; Ref., reference; SE, standard error.