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. 2020 Nov 1;25(21):5079. doi: 10.3390/molecules25215079

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© 2020 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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The inositol polyphosphates pathway in human cells. The figure shows metabolism cascade of inositol phosphate molecules from the well-known Ins (1,4,5) P3 formation via phospholipase C to higher inositol phosphates, including pyrophosphates (5PP-IP5 or IP7 and I,5PP-IP4 or IP8). In contrast, inositol triphosphates Ins (1,3,4) P3 and Ins (1,4,5) P3 can be broken down into lower inositol phosphates and eventually myoIns. DIPP1: Diphosphoinositol polyphosphate phosphohydrolase 1; IMPase 1: Inositol monophosphatase 1; INPP4AT1: Type I inositol 3,4-bisphosphate 4-phosphatase; INPP4AT2: Type II inositol 3,4-bisphosphate 4-phosphatase; IP3K A: Inositol-trisphosphate 3-kinase A; IP6K1: Inositol hexakisphosphate kinase 1; IPMK: Inositol polyphosphate multikinase; IPPase: Inositol polyphosphate 1-phosphatase; IPPK: Inositol-pentakisphosphate 2-kinase; IPS1: Inositol-3-phosphate synthase 1; ITPK1: Inositol-tetrakisphosphate 1-kinase; MIPPase1: Multiple inositol polyphosphate phosphatase; PPIP5K: Inositol hexakisphosphate and diphosphoinositol-pentakisphosphate kinase 5; PtdIns (4,5) P2: Phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 5-phosphatase A [18].