Table 1.

The identity of the described plant species with their anticancer properties against the gastric cancer.

Plant Species	Active Compound	Cell Line	Bioactive Effect	Ref.
Cordyceps cicadae	Cordicepine	SGC-7901 MGC-803 HGC-27	1. Antiproliferative effects cell cycle arrest at S phase targeting PI3K/Akt pathway 2. Proapoptotic action ↑ cellular stress ↑ caspase-3 and PARP cleavage ↓ survivin expression 3. Antimetastatic effects ↑ epithelial markers expression ↓ mesenchymal markers expression	[18]
Allium sativum	Allicin	SGC-7901 MGC-803 BGC-823	1. Antiproliferative effects cell cycle growth at G2/M phase ↓ telomerase activity 2. Proapoptotic effects ↑ caspase-3 cleavage ↑ Bax/Bcl-2 ratio targeting p38/MAPK pathway	[19,20,21]
Camellia sinensis	Epigallocatechin gallate	SGC-7901	1. Antiproliferative effects ↓ EGFR and IGF-1R targeting Wnt/β-catenin pathway ↓ HDAC and DNMT expression 2. Proapoptotic effects ↓ ROS generation ↑ caspase-3 and PARP cleavage 3. Antimetastatic effects ↓ VEGF expression 4. Antiangiogenic effects ↑ ROS generation ↓ VEGF expression	[22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29]
Cardiospermum halicacabum (water extract)	Synthesized gold nanoparticles (CH-AuNP)	AGS SNU-5 SNU-16	1. Proapoptotic effects ↑ ROS generation ↑ Bax and caspase-3 expression ↓ Bcl-xl/Bcl-2 expression	[30]
Plumbago zeylanica	Plumbagin	AGS SGC-7901 MKN-28	1. Proapoptotic effects ↓ Akt and STAT targeting NF-κB pathway ↓ IAP1/XIAP expression ↓ Bcl2/Bcl-xl expression 2. Autophagic cell death induction 3. Antimetastatic effects ↓ NF-κB pathway ↓ VEGF expression	[31,32,33]
Chrysosplenium nudicaule (ethanol extract)	TTF and DTFG	SGC-7901	↑ apoptosis ↓ cell cycle	[34]
Saussurea lappa	Costunolide	SGC-7901 MGC-803 BGC-823	1. Antiproliferative effects cell cycle arrest at G2/M phase ↑ p53 and p21 expression ↓ cyclin B1 2. Proapoptotic effects ↑ caspase -3 and PARP cleavage ↑ Bax and Bak expression ↓ Bcl-2 expression 3. Antimetastatic effects ↓ VEGF expression	[35,36,37,38,39]
Nigella sativa	Thymoquinone	BGC-823 SGC-7901 MGC-803 HGC-27	1. Antimetastatic effects ↓ PI3K/Akt pathway ↑ epithelial markers expression ↓ mesenchymal markers expression ↓ JAK/STAT pathway ↓ VEGF expression 2. Proapoptotic effects ↓ JAK/STAT pathway ↓ cyclin D1, Bcl-2, survivin 3. Sensitizing cancer cells to chemotherapeutics	[40,41,42,43,44,45]
Euphorbia lunulata	Diterpenoids	SGC-7901/ADR	1. Antiproliferative effects cell cycle arrest at G2/M phase 2. Proapoptotic effects ↑ caspase-3 cleavage ↑ Bax expression ↓ Bcl-2 expression	[46]
Euphorbia esula (water extract)	Total extract	SGC-7901	1. Proapoptotic effects caspases expression ↑ Bax expression ↓ Bcl-2 expression	[47]
Dioscorea bulbifera(ethanol extract)	Diosbulbine B	SGC-7901	↓ cell proliferation	[48]
Coptis chinesis	Berberine	BGC-823 AGS SGC-7901 SNU-1	1. Antiproliferative effects ↓ c-myc cell cycle arrest at G0/G1 phase ↓ cyclin D1 and HNF4α 2. Autophagic cell death ↓ ERK/JNK/p38 MAPK pathway ↓ PI3K/Akt pathway 3. Proapoptotic effects PARP and caspase-3 cleavage ↑ caspases expression ↓ Bax/Bcl-2 ratio targeting p38/JNK MAPK pathway targeting NF-κB pathway 4. Antimetastatic effects ↓ MMP-3	[49,50,51,52,53,54]
Stephania tetrandra	Tetrandrine	HGC-27 BGC-823	1. Proapoptotic effects ↑ Bax/Bcl-2 ratio ↑ caspase-3 cleavage ↑ Apaf-1 2. Autophagic cell death ↑ LC3II and Beclin-1 expression ↓ PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway 3. Sensitizing cancer cells to chemotherapeutics	[33,55,56,57]
Piper longum	Piperlongumine	SGC-7901 BGC-823 AGS MKN-45 MGC-803	1. Antiproliferative effects ↓ TrxR1 ↑ GADD45α ↓ cyclin B1 and Cdc2 expression cell cycle arrest at G2/M phase ↓ JAK/STAT pathway 2. Proapoptotic effects ↑ ROS generation ↑ p38/JNK pathway ↑ caspase-3 and PARP cleavage ↑ BIM expression 3. Antimetastatic effects ↓ JAK/STAT pathway ↓ MMP-9 and Twist	[58,59,60,61,62,63]
Sophora spp.	Matrine	BGC-823 SGC-7901 MKN-28	1. Antiproliferative effects cell cycle arrest at G1 and G2/M phases ↓ PI3K/Akt pathway ↓ uPA ↓ miR-93-5p expression ↑ AHNAK expression 2. Proapoptotic effects ↑ Fas/FasL expression 3. Autophagic cell death	[64,65,66,67]