Table 2.
Frequency and prevalence (n, %) of S&C activities for female endurance runners regarding athletic level.
| Variables | Strength and Conditioning | LG1 (n = 60) |
LG2 (n = 69) |
LG3 (n = 72) |
LG4 (n = 18) |
LG5 (n = 9) |
p-Value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Strength and conditioning activities | No ST | 12 (20) b,c,d,e | 7 (10.1) a,c | 3 (4.2) a,b,d,e | 2 (11.1) a,c | 1 (11.1) a,c | 0.010 |
| RT | 24 (40) b,c,d,e | 35 (50.7) a,d,e | 44 (61.1) a,d,e | 12 (66.6) a,b,c,e | 7 (77.8) a,b,c,d | ||
| BW | 20 (33.3) b,c,d,e | 33 (47.8) a,c,d,e | 39 (54.2) a,b,d,e | 11 (61.1) a,b,c,e | 6 (66.7) a,b,c,d | ||
| PT | 20 (33.3) b,c,d,e | 28 (40.6) a,c,d,e | 35 (48.6) a,b,d,e | 6 (55.5) a,b,c,e | 8 (88.9) a,b,c,d | ||
| Uphill runs | 23 (38.3) b,c,d,e | 36 (52.2) a,c,d,e | 39 (54.2) a,b,e | 12 (66.7) a,b,e | 7 (77.8) a,b,c,d | ||
| Resisted runs | 0 (0) c,d,e | 3 (4.3) c,d,e | 5 (6.9) a,d,e | 5 (27.8) a,b,c,e | 5 (55.6) a,b,c,d | ||
| Combination | 24 (40) b,c,d,e | 41 (59.4) a,c,d,e | 49 (68.0) a,b,e | 13 (72.2) a,b,e | 8 (88.9) a,b,c,d | ||
| Core | Yes | 50 (83.3) b,c,d,e | 61 (88.4) a,c,d,e | 69 (95.8) a,b,d,e | 17 (94.4) a,b,c,e | 8 (88.9) a,b,c,d | 0.004 |
| No | 10 (16.5) | 8 (11.6) | 3 (4.2) | 1 (5.6) | 1 (11.1) | ||
| Intrinsic foot muscles | Yes | 20 (33.3) | 21 (30.4) | 21 (29.2) | 9 (50) | 6 (66.7) | 0.837 |
| No | 40 (66.7) | 48 (69.6) | 51 (70.8) | 9 (50) | 3 (33.3) | ||
| Respiratory muscles | Yes | 8 (13.3) | 13 (18.8) | 20 (27.8) | 9 (50) | 7 (77.7) | 0.200 |
| No | 52 (86.7) | 56 (81.2) | 52 (72.2) | 9 (50) | 2 (22.3) |
Percentages are calculated relative to the number of runners per level group. a, b, c, d, and e: denotes significant differences (p < 0.05) compared to LG1, LG2, LG3, LG4, and LG5, respectively. ST: strength training; RT: resistance training; BW: bodyweight exercises; PT: plyometric training; LG1, LG2, LG3, LG4, and LG5: denotes groups of athletes that ran a 10-km trial in 50–55 min, 45–50 min, 40–45, 35–40 min, and 30–35 min, respectively.