| NAFLD | nonalcoholic fatty liver disease |
| PPAR-α | proliferator-activated receptor-alpha |
| ObR | leptin receptor |
| NASH | nonalcoholic steatohepatitis |
| AdipoR1 | adiponectin receptor 1 |
| TNF-α | tumor necrosis factor-alpha |
| BA | bile acid |
| SNP | single nucleotide polymorphism |
| PAI-1 | plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 |
| RBP-4 | retinol-binding protein-4 |
| HBV | hepatitis B virus |
| CHB | chronic hepatitis B |
| IFN-α | interferon-alpha |
| HCC | hepatocellular carcinoma |
| ALT | alanine aminotransferase |
| IFNL3 | interferon λ3 |
| DAA | direct-acting antiviral agent |
| G | genotype |
| SVR | sustained virologic response |
| C3 | component 3 |
| HMW | high-molecular-weight |
| PBC | primary biliary cholangitis |
| AIH | autoimmune hepatitis |
| BMI | body mass index |
| JAK2 | Janus kinase 2 |
| STAT3 | signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 |
| KATP | ATP-sensitive K+ |
| GERD | gastroesophageal reflux disease |
| ERK | extracellular signal-regulated kinase |
| MAPK | mitogen-activated protein kinase |
| PI3K | phosphoinositide 3-kinase |
| COX-2 | cyclooxygenase-2; |
| PGE2 | prostaglandin E2 |
| LMW | low-molecular-weight |
| SCC | squamous cell carcinoma |
| UC | ulcerative colitis |
| CD | Crohn’s disease |
| ADSC | adipose-derived stromal cells |
| TNBS | 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid |
| NF-κB | nuclear factor κ-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells |
| RhoA | Ras homolog gene family, member A |
| IL-1β | interleukin 1β |
| DSS | dextran sodium sulfate |
| MAT | mesenteric adipose tissue |
| CRC | colorectal cancer |
| mTOR | mammalian target of rapamycin |
| Nrf2 | nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 |
| SIRT1 | silent information regulator 2 homologue 1 |
| AP-1 | activator protein 1 |
| IL-6 | interleukin 6 |
| CXCL1 | chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 1 |
| VEGF | vascular endothelial growth factor |
| PKC | protein kinase C |
| CICC | chronic inflammation-induced colon cancer |
| Lgr5+ | leucine-rich repeat-containing G-protein coupled receptor 5+ |
| AMPK | AMP-activated protein kinase |
| LKB | liver kinase B1 |
| ACF | aberrant crypt foci |
| TLR4 | Toll-like receptor 4 |
| MYD88 | myeloid differentiation primary response 88; |
| RETN | resistin |
| BDL | bile duct-ligated |
| DMN | dimethylnitrosamine |
| HSC | hepatic stellate cell |