Table 1.
Some compounds isolated from African propolis between 2015 and 2020.
| Name | Class of Compound | Country | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|
| Lupenone | Triterpenoid | Cameroon | [55] |
| α-Amyrin (16) | Triterpenoid | Cameroon/Nigeria | [15,55] |
| β-Amyrin | Triterpenoid | Cameroon | [55] |
| Methyl-3β,27-dihydroxycycloart-24-en-26-oate | Triterpenoid | Cameroon | [56] |
| Oleanolic acid | Triterpenoid | Cameroon | [57] |
| β-Amyrin acetate | Triterpenoid | Cameroon | [57] |
| Lupeol | Triterpenoid | Cameroon | [57] |
| Betulinic acid | Triterpenoid | Cameroon | [57] |
| Lupeol acetate | Triterpenoid | Cameroon | [57] |
| Cycloartanol | Cycloartane triterpene | Libya | [58] |
| Mangiferolic acid (4) | Cycloartane triterpene | Libya/Nigeria | [15,58] |
| Mangiferonic acid (5) | Cycloartane triterpene | Libya/Nigeria | [15,58] |
| Ambolic acid | Cycloartane triterpene | Libya | [58] |
| 27-Hydroxymangiferonic acid (6) | Cycloartane triterpene | Libya | [58] |
| Ambonic acid (15) | Cycloartane triterpene | Nigeria | [15] |
| 13-Epitorulosol | Diterpene | Libya | [58] |
| Acetylisocupressic acid (7) | Diterpene | Libya | [58] |
| Agathadiol (8) | Diterpene | Libya | [58] |
| Isocupressic acid (9) | Diterpene | Libya | [58] |
| Isoagatholal (10) | Diterpene | Libya | [58] |
| 2-Hydroxy-8-prenylbiochanin A | Flavonoid | Cameroon | [57] |
| Taxifolin-3-acetyl-4′methyl ether (11) | Flavanoid | Libya | [58] |
| 3,8-dihydroxy-9-methoxy-pterocarpan | Flavonoid | Nigeria | [39] |
| Astrapterocarpan | Flavonoid | Nigeria | [39] |
| Vesticarpan | Flavonoid | Nigeria | [39] |
| Vestitol (21) | Flavonoid | Nigeria | [15,39] |
| Broussonin B | Flavonoid | Nigeria | [39] |
| Calycosin | Flavonoid | Nigeria | [15] |
| Liquiritigenin (45) | Flavonoid | Nigeria | [15] |
| Pinocembrin | Flavonoid | Nigeria | [15] |
| Isosativan, (2′-hydroxy-7,4′-dimethoxyisoflavan) | Flavonoid | Nigeria | [37] |
| Medicarpin | Flavanoid | Nigeria | [39] |
| Pectolinarigenin | Flavonoid | Algeria | [59] |
| 6,7-Dihydroxy-7,4′-dimethoxyflavone (Ladanein) | Flavonoid | Algeria | [59] |
| 8-Prenylnaringenin (20) | Prenylated flavonoid | Nigeria | [15] |
| 6-Prenylnaringenin | Prenylated flavonoid | Nigeria | [15] |
| Propolin D | Prenylated flavonoid | Nigeria | [15] |
| Macarangin | Prenylated flavonoid | Nigeria | [15] |
| Gerontoxanthone H (12) | Xanthone | Nigeria | [15] |
| 6-Deoxy-γ-mangostin (13) | Xanthone | Nigeria | [15] |
| 1,7-Dihydro-3-O-(3-methylbut-2-enyl)-8(3-methylbut-2-enyl) xanthone (14) | Xanthone | Nigeria | [15] |
| Demethylpiperitol (1) | Lignan | Libya | [59] |
| 5′-Methoxypiperitol (2) | Lignan | Libya | [59] |
| Riverinol | Benzofuran | Nigeria | [15] |
| Triacontyl ρ-coumarate | Coumarin | Cameroon | [57] |
| Arachic/arachidic acid ethyl ester (PEN4) | Alkylphenol | Cameroon | [60] |
| Cardol | Alkylresorcinol | Libya/Cameroon | [55,58] |
| 1′-O-Eicosanyl glycerol | Acylglycerol | Cameroon | [56] |
| Oleic acid | Fatty acid | Nigeria | [37] |
| Propyl stearate | Fatty acid ester | Nigeria | [37] |
| Hexatriacontanoic acid | Fatty acid | Cameroon | [55] |
| 2′,3′-Dihydroxypropyltetraeicosanoate | Fatty acid | Cameroon | [57] |