Table 4.
Primary and secondary outcomes at week 5 for the hypnosis and control groups, means and mean group differences with 95% confidence interval (CI), adjusted for respective baseline value and center
| Hypnosis | Control | Control vs Hypnosis | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| N | Adjusted mean (95% CI) | Adjusted mean (95% CI) | Adjusted mean difference (95% CI) | P value | |
| VAS stress intensity [mm]a | 88 | 41.8 (35.2; 48.4) | 62.9 (56.2; 69.7) | −21.2 (−30.1; -12.2) | <.001 |
| Perceived stress (CPSS score)a | 88 | 14.7 (13.1; 16.3) | 20.3 (18.7; 22.0) | −5.7 (−7.8; −3.5) | <.001 |
| Depression (ADS-K score)a | 88 | 20.3 (18.5; 22.1) | 25.1 (23.3; 26.9) | −4.9 (−7.2; −2.5) | 0.001 |
| Self-Efficacy (SWE score)b | 88 | 30.00 (28.9; 31.1) | 26.6 (25.5; 27.7) | 3.4 (2.0; 4.9) | <.001 |
| SF-36b | |||||
| Physical Component Summaryb | 88 | 51.6 (49.6; 53.6) | 51.8 (49.8; 53.8) | −0.3 (−2.9; 2.4) | 0.848 |
| Mental Component Summaryb | 88 | 48.4 (45.7; 51.1) | 39.2 (36.5; 41.9) | 9.2 (5.6; 12.8) | <.001 |
| SF-36b Subscores | |||||
| Physical functioning | 88 | 90.8 (87.9; 93.8) | 91.1 (88.1; 94.1) | −0.3 (−4.2; 3.7) | 0.897 |
| Role limitations due to physical health | 88 | 83.0 (73.8; 92.2) | 72.8 (63.6; 82.1) | 10.2 (−2.0; 22.4) | 0.101 |
| Role limitations due to emotional problems | 88 | 80.1 (70.1; 90.0) | 58.9 (48.8; 69.0) | 21.2 (7.9; 34.6) | 0.002 |
| Vitality | 88 | 60.1 (54.5; 65.6) | 42.1 (36.4; 47.7) | 18.0 (10.6; 25.4) | <.001 |
| Emotional well-being | 88 | 73.7 (69.4; 78.1) | 59.7 (55.3; 64.1) | 14.0 (8.3; 19.8) | <.001 |
| Social functioning | 88 | 82.7 (76.8; 88.7) | 72.62 (66.7; 78.5) | 10.1 (2.2; 18.1) | 0.013 |
| Pain | 88 | 79.7 (73.3; 86.00) | 74.2 (68.0; 80.3) | 5.5 (−2.9; 13.9) | 0.200 |
| General health perception | 88 | 68.7 (64.1; 73.4) | 61.2 (56.5; 65.8) | 7.6 (1.4; 13.7) | 0.017 |
CI confidence interval, VAS visual analog scale, CPSS Cohen’s Perceived Stress Scale, ADS-K Allgemeine Depressions-Skala Kurzform (depression), SWE Selbstwirksamkeitserwartung (self-efficacy), SF-36 Short-Form-Survey (quality of life)
a lower values indicate better status, b higher values indicate better status