Table 1.

Summary of significant differences in behavioral tests in App-KI mice in this study vs. previous studies

Behavioral tests	Test significance	Significant difference	References
Y-maze	Short-term memory	Yes (6 months)	Saito et al. [13]
Place preference and reversal task	Spatial learning and reversal learning	Yes (13–14 months)	Masuda et al. [16]
Serial reaction time task	Impulsivity and attention	Yes (13–14 months)
Place avoidance	Extinction learning	Yes (8–9 months)
Delay discounting task	Compulsive behavior	Yes (8–9 months)
Novel object recognition	Recognition memory	Not detected (6 months)	Whyte et al. [17]
Y-maze	Working memory	Not detected (6 months)
Morris water maze	Spatial reference memory	Not detected (6 months)
Open field	Anxiety	Yes (6 months)
Fear conditioning	Fear learning	Not detected (15–18 months)	Sakakibara et al. [14]
Elevated plus maze	Anxiety-related behavior	Yes (6–18 months)
Barnes maze	Spatial memory	Yes (8 months)
Spatial reversal learning	Flexibility and impulse control	Not detected (8 months)
Morris water maze	Spatial reference memory	Not detected (10–11 months)	Latif-Hernandez et al. [15]
Cage activity and exploration	Spontaneous activity	Yes (3 and 10 months)
Social Preference Social Novelty (SPSN) test	Social memory	Not detected (3, 6, and 10 months)
Location discrimination	Pattern separation	Yes (4–5 months)	Present study
Different object–location paired-associate learning	Paired-associative memory	Yes (4–6 months)
Visual discrimination, Reversal learning	Cognitive flexibility	Not detected (4–5 months)
Morris water maze	Spatial reference memory	Not detected (6 months)