Time-course of temperature-controlled repeated thermal stimulation (TRTS)-induced neuritogenesis in PC12, PC12-P1F1, and PC12-P1D10 cells. Parental PC12, PC12-P1F1, and PC12-P1D10 cells were exposed to TRTS for an 18 h period each day for 7 days, and the extent of neuritogenesis was evaluated. Phase-contrast images of parental PC12 cells on day 0 prior to TRTS (A), and on days 3 (B) and 7 (C) after TRTS. Phase-contrast images of PC12-P1F1 cells on day 0 prior to TRTS (D), and on days 3 (E) and 7 (F) after TRTS. Phase-contrast images of PC12-P1D10 cells on day 0 prior to TRTS (G), and on days 3 (H) and 7 (I) after TRTS. Scale bars, 50 μm. Similar results were obtained in three independent experiments. (J) Parental PC12, PC12-P1F1, and PC12-P1D10 cells were exposed to TRTS for 18 h/day for 7 days, and the percentages of neurite-bearing cells on days 0, 3, and 7 were determined. The data represent the means ± standard deviation of three replicates. PC12-Pa, parental PC12 cells; n.s., not significant. ** p < 0.01.