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. 2019 Sep 23;2(2):90–99. doi: 10.1136/bmjnph-2019-000034

Figure 3.

Figure 3

Multivariable adjusted relative risk (95% CI) for moderate weight gain (≥2 kg or ≥5 kg) and incident obesity with 0.5 servings per day increase in consumption of nuts among NHS, NHS II and HPFS. (A) Weight gain ≥2 kg. (B) Weight gain ≥5 kg. (C) Incident obesity. Multivariate model was adjusted for age, menopausal status (pre- or postmenopausal) and hormone therapy use (never, past, or current) in women; baseline BMI of every 4 years; hours of sleeping at baseline; changes in lifestyle factors: smoking status (never, former, current: 1 to 14, 15 to 24, or ≥25 cigarettes/day), physical activity (MET hours/week), hours of sitting (hours/week); changes in dietary factors: fruits, vegetables, alcohol, snacks, dessert, French fries, potato, red or processed meat, whole grain, refined grain and sweet sugar beverages. Relative risk of incident obesity was calculated by multivariable model excluding the adjustment of baseline BMI of every 4 years. Data on walnuts and other tree nuts were first available in 1998 for NHS, 1998 for HPFS and 1999 for NHS II. BMI, body mass index; HPFS, Health Professionals Follow-up Study; MET, metabolic equivalent; NHS, Nurses' Health Study.