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DMF reduces IL-1β-induced inflammatory factor levels in nucleus pulposus cells. Cell Counting Kit-8 assay of (A) DMF and (B) IL-1β. ELISA results of (C) IL-6, (D) IL-8, (E) MMP3 and (F) MMP13. (G-J) reverse transcription quantitative-PCR results of IL-6, IL-8, MMP3 and MMP13. Immunofluorescence staining and results of (K) MMP3 and (L) MMP13, magnification, 400x. *P<0.05 vs. the control group, #P<0.05 vs. the IL-1β group. DMF, dimethyl fumarate; MMP, matrix metalloproteinase.
