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(A) I/R as an activator of the UPR. (B) UPR, in turn, affects I/R damage. I/R, ischemia/reperfusion; UPR, unfolded protein response; GRP78, glucose regulated protein 78; lncRNA, long non-coding RNA; PERK, protein kinase R-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase; eIF2a, eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2a; IRE, inositol responsive element; CHOP, C/EBP homologous protein; XBP1, X-box binding protein 1.
