Table 5.
Effects of function foods on adipokines, myokines, and cardiokines.
| Type of Intervention | Biological Action | Adipo-myo-cardiokines | Type of Study |
|---|---|---|---|
| Walnut oil | ↑insulin sensitivity ↑antioxidative capacity | ↓leptin levels | Obese rats a |
| Mixed nuts | ↑satiety | ↓leptin levels | Overweight and obese adults a |
| Coffee | ↓inflammatory state | ↑adiponectin levels | Women with or without type 2 diabetes b |
| ↑body composition ↑metabolic state |
↑adiponectin levels | Diabetic rats b | |
| Green tea extract + exercise | ↑metabolic state ↓inflammatory state |
↑adiponectin levels | Overweight middle-aged men b |
| Green cardamom | ↑liver steatosis and insulin signaling ↓inflammatory state |
↑irisin levels | Overweight or obese with NAFLD c |
| Grape pomace extract | ↑browning of adipose tissue | ↑irisin levels | Obese rats c |
| Probiotic-fermented purple sweet potato yogurt | ↓cardiac hypertrophy | ↓ANP and BNP levels | Hypertensive rat d |
Legend: a See Section 2.2; b see Section 3.2; c see Section 5.2; d see Section 6.2.