Table 1.
Gluten-free (GF) labelled cereal products and comparison of content of energy and certain nutrients in GF-labelled vs. regular products for selected food categories.
| Food Category | N | GF (%) | Energy (kJ/100 g) | Sugar (g/100 g) | Salt (g/100 g) | Protein (g/100 g) | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mean | SD | P | Mean | SD | P | Mean | SD | P | Mean | SD | P | |||
| Bread and Bakery Products | ||||||||||||||
| Biscuits (N = 463) | ||||||||||||||
| GF | 30 | 6 | 1998.6 | 164.5 | ns | 26.9 | 9.6 | 0.22 | 0.6 | 0.4 | ns | 4.6 | 1.9 | <0.01 |
| Regular | 430 | 94 | 1996.0 | 226.2 | 30.4 | 12.5 | 0.5 | 0.6 | 6.7 | 2.2 | ||||
| Mean diff. | 2.6 | −3.5 | 0.0 | −2.1 | ||||||||||
| Bread (N = 275) | ||||||||||||||
| GF | 26 | 9 | 1260.2 | 320.7 | ns | 3.2 | 2.9 | 1.00 | 1.3 | 0.4 | ns | 5.0 | 2.6 | <0.01 |
| Regular | 249 | 91 | 1368.8 | 321.1 | 3.1 | 2.3 | 1.4 | 0.5 | 9.7 | 2.9 | ||||
| Mean diff. | −108.6 | 0.1 | −0.1 | −4.8 | ||||||||||
| Cakes, muffins and pastry (N = 233) | ||||||||||||||
| GF | 28 | 12 | 1692.5 | 266.9 | ns | 15.4 | 15.3 | <0.01 | 0.4 | 0.3 | 0.01 | 6.7 | 1.7 | 0.01 |
| Regular | 205 | 82 | 1612.5 | 342.6 | 25.4 | 13.4 | 0.6 | 0.4 | 6.0 | 2.3 | ||||
| Mean diff. | 80.0 | −10.0 | −0.2 | 0.7 | ||||||||||
| Cereal and Cereal Products | ||||||||||||||
| Breakfast cereals (N = 274) | ||||||||||||||
| GF | 20 | 7 | 1667.1 | 147.3 | ns | 18.9 | 11.9 | 0.76 | 0.8 | 0.6 | 0.03 | 8.3 | 2.6 | ns |
| Regular | 254 | 93 | 1632.3 | 157.6 | 18.1 | 11.4 | 0.5 | 0.6 | 9.6 | 3.5 | ||||
| Mean diff. | 34.7 | 0.8 | 0.4 | −1.3 | ||||||||||
| Pasta | ||||||||||||||
| Dry pasta (N = 287) | ||||||||||||||
| GF | 28 | 10 | 1333.9 | 461.3 | <0.011 | 0.8 | 1.0 | <0.01 | 0.1 | 0.3 | ns | 6.3 | 2.7 | <0.01 |
| Regular | 259 | 90 | 1485.4 | 151.0 | 2.9 | 1.0 | 0.1 | 0.3 | 13.0 | 1.8 | ||||
| Mean diff. | −151.4 | −2.2 | 0.0 | −6.6 | ||||||||||
N—number of all products; SD—standard deviation; Mean diff.—mean difference; ns–non-significant.