| DES1 | Dihydroceramide desaturase 1 |
| ELISA | Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay |
| EPH | Ethanol, propylene glycol and H2O |
| H & E | Hematoxylin and eosin |
| IFN | Interferon |
| IL | Interleukin |
| IMQ | Imiquimod |
| PASI | Psoriasis Area and Severity Index |
| SK | Sphingosine kinase |
| S1P | Sphingosine-1-phosphate |
| SOCS | Suppressor of cytokine signaling |
| STAT3 | Signal transducer and activator of transcription |
| Th | T-helper |
| TNF-α | Tumor necrosis factor-α |
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