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Sample traces illustrating AP averaging (left) and FM (right). Because AP averaging uses an average of 2 traces, background noise is reduced with √2, whereas FM increases noise by a factor of √4 due to the addition/subtraction of 4 traces. AP, alternating polarity; FM, forward masking; M, masker; P, probe; M + P, masker-probe double-pulse; S, signature trace including the switching artifact (too small to be observable on the scale used).
