Table 4.

Differences in PM10 concentration by land-use over time.

Period	Group	PM10 (µg/m3) Mean ± SD	Kruskal–Wallis	Paired Comparison
				Residential–Commercial	Residential–Industrial	Residential–Green	Commercial–Industrial	Commercial–Green	Industrial–Green
AM1 (03:00‒05:00)	Residential	28.4 ± 14.4	χ2 = 31.104 p = 0.001 *	Z = −3.620 p = 0.000 **	Z = −1.417 p = 0.000 **	Z = −5.314 p = 0.000 **	Z = −0.367 p = 0.002 **	Z = −1.327 p = 0.005 **	Z = −1.175 p = 0.000 **
	Commercial	28.2 ± 11.9
	Industrial	29.7 ± 10.0
	Green	26.4 ± 12.3
AM2 (07:00‒09:00)	Residential	30.8 ± 14.9	χ2 = 20.490 p = 0.001 *	Z = −3.278 p = 0.001 **	Z = −1.560 p = 0.001 **	Z = −4.086 p = 0.000 **	Z = −0.016 p = 0.001 **	Z = −0.641 p = 0.001 **	Z = −0.362 p = 0.001 **
	Commercial	29.9 ± 12.7
	Industrial	32.2 ± 9.7
	Green	27.2 ± 13.4
Noon (11:00‒13:00)	Residential	34.6 ± 17.0	χ2 = 29.267 p = 0.001 *	Z = −1.923 p = 0.004 **	Z = −5.118 p = 0.001 **	Z = −0.323 p = 0.004 **	Z = −4.093 p = 0.000 **	Z = −1.967 p = 0.001 **	Z = −4.945 p = 0.000 **
	Commercial	34.1 ± 16.8
	Industrial	35.8 ± 13.5
	Green	28.3 ± 27.3
PM1 (17:00‒19:00)	Residential	32.3 ± 18.2	χ2 = 26.899 p = 0.001*	Z = −3.975 p = 0.000 **	Z = −3.950 p = 0.000 **	Z = −2.649 p = 0.001 **	Z = −1.894 p = 0.000 **	Z = −1.218 p = 0.003 **	Z = −2.541 p = 0.000 **
	Commercial	32.2 ± 17.2
	Industrial	34.4 ± 14.5
	Green	27.8 ± 18.5
PM2 (21:00‒23:00)	Residential	31.4 ± 14.7	χ2 = 23.205 p = 0.001 *	Z = −3.667 p = 0.000 **	Z = 1.580 p = 0.000 **	Z = −4.246 p = 0.000 **	Z = −0.156 p = 0.001 **	Z = −0.395 p = 0.001 **	Z = −0.362 p = 0.000 **
	Commercial	32.6 ± 12.6
	Industrial	32.8 ± 11.1
	Green	27.6 ± 12.4

* p < 0.05, ** p < 0.0083 (Adjusted by Bonferroni correction method = 0.05/6).