Table 2.
Risk of exposure to acid suppressants for dementia development.
| Exposure to Acid Suppressants | No. of Subjects | Dementia Development | Adjusted HR * (95% CI) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| No. of Cases | Incidence Rate (per 1000) | |||
| H2RA non-users | 21,939 | 4265 | 19.69 | 1.00 (Reference) |
| H2RA users | 21,939 | 4743 | 22.71 | 1.84 (1.49–2.20) |
| cDDD (ref: H2RA non-users) | ||||
| Q1 (1–30) | 15,057 | 3116 | 22.11 | 1.69 (1.23–1.86) |
| Q2 (31–180) | 5834 | 1362 | 23.77 | 1.85 (1.46–2.24) |
| Q3 (181–365) | 735 | 175 | 23.63 | 1.82 (1.50–2.36) |
| Q4 (>365) | 313 | 90 | 28.62 | 1.96 (1.63–2.47) |
| ptrend < 0.001 | ||||
| PPIs non-users | 9348 | 1847 | 20.65 | 1.00 (Reference) |
| PPIs users | 9348 | 1873 | 24.28 | 1.42 (1.07–1.84) |
| cDDD (ref: PPI non-users) | ||||
| Q1 (1–30) | 4838 | 799 | 21.13 | 1.09 (0.91–1.37) |
| Q2 (31–180) | 3924 | 904 | 27.34 | 1.59 (1.19–1.89) |
| Q3 (181–365) | 438 | 119 | 30.54 | 1.82 (1.22–2.13) |
| Q4 (>365) | 148 | 51 | 38.44 | 2.02 (1.43–2.31) |
| ptrend < 0.001 | ||||
CDDD, cumulative defined daily dose; CI, confidence interval; H2RA, histamine 2 receptor antagonist; HR, hazard ratio; PPI, proton pump inhibitor; ref, the reference group; * Hazard ratios were adjusted for sex, age, index year, Charlson comorbidity index, numbers of annual outpatient visits, and use of co-medications, including non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and aspirin, and mutually adjusted for use of H2RAs and PPIs; The reference group was H2RA non-users or PPI non-users; Q1, Q2, Q3, and Q4 were quartiles of cDDD of H2RA use or PPI use.