| AMPK | 5’AMP-activated protein kinase |
| ATGL | adipose triglyceride lipase |
| β-HAD | 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase |
| CD36/SR-B2 | cluster of differentiation 36/scavenger receptor class B protein |
| CER | ceramides |
| CPT1 | carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1 |
| CS | citrate synthase |
| DAG | diacylglycerols |
| DGAT1, 2 | diacylglycerol O-acyltransferase 1, 2 |
| FABPpm | plasma membrane-associated fatty acid binding protein |
| FAS | fatty acid synthase |
| FATP1, 4 | fatty acid transport protein 1, 4 |
| GAPDH | glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase |
| GLUT4 | glucose transporter type 4 |
| IRS1 | insulin receptor substrate 1 |
| Kd | dissociation constant |
| PGC-1α | peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ co-activator 1α |
| PPARγ | peroxisome proliferator activated receptor γ |
| PQQ | pyrroloquinoline quinone |
| S1P | sphingosine-1-phosphate |
| SFA | sphinganine |
| SFA1P | Sphinganine-1-phosphate |
| SFO | sphingosine |
| SIRT1 | sirtuin 1 |
| SPT1 | serine palmitoyltransferase, long chain base subunit 1 |
| TAG | triacylglycerols |