Table 5.
Physicochemical properties and biological responses of the NLC formulations developed for articaine.
| Physicochemical properties | Biological responses | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Formulation | Size (nm) | PDI | ZP (mV) | %EE | Anti-inflammatory property | Bradycardia (bpm ± SD)a | Bradycardia-recovery time (h)b | Anesthesia improvement (% ± SD) c |
| NLC-CP1-A | 237.0 ± 0.4 | 0.167 ± 0.001 | − 38.3 ± 0.5 | 74.8 ± 1.2 | No | 68 ± 4 | 2 | 58 ± 6 |
| NLC-CP2-A | 237.6 ± 3.3 | 0.169 ± 0.015 | − 42.1 ± 0.5 | 66.8 ± 2.3 | No | 60 ± 6 | 2 | 50 ± 0 |
| NLC-CO1-A | 256.4 ± 0.2 | 0.200 ± 0.009 | − 43.7 ± 0.6 | 70.5 ± 1.4 | Yes | 18 ± 3 | 3 | 100 ± 0 |
| NLC-CO2-A | 217.7 ± 0.8 | 0.174 ± 0.004 | − 40.2 ± 1.1 | 70.6 ± 1.8 | Yes | 25 ± 4 | 3 | 100 ± 4 |
| NLC-OO1-A | 254.1 ± 1.8 | 0.190 ± 0.005 | − 42.2 ± 0.5 | 68.3 ± 1.9 | Yes | 50 ± 3 | 2 | 54 ± 6 |
| NLC-OO1-A | 243.3 ± 5.8 | ± 0.176 ± 0.022 | − 49.7 ± 0.7 | 68.0 ± 2.5 | Yes | 47 ± 3 | 2 | 54 ± 6 |
Size = nanoparticle diameter, in nm; PDI polydispersity index, ZP zeta potential, in mV, %EE percent encapsulation efficiency of articaine, bpm heart beats per minute.
aWith 1 mM ATC, after 1 hpi; bwith 1 mM ATC; cformulations containing 0.5 mM ATC, in relation to free ATC at the same concentration.