Table 4.
Results from multinomial logistic regression predicting group membership
| (N = 296) | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Model 1: Reference Group (ASDwos) | No ASD | Model 2: Reference Group (No ASD) | |||||||
| ASDws | No ASD | ASDws | |||||||
| B | SE | OR | B | SE | OR | B | SE | OR | |
| Stereotyped utterances/delayed echolalia | |||||||||
| 1 | 0.54 | 0.41 | 1.71 | −0.11 | 0.44 | 0.89 | 0.65 | 0.48 | 1.92 |
| 2 | 1.75 | 0.51 | 5.78** | 0.38 | 0.58 | 1.46 | 1.38 | 0.53 | 3.96** |
| Pronominal reversal | |||||||||
| 1 | 0.53 | 0.41 | 1.70 | −0.56 | 0.44 | 0.57 | 1.10 | 0.50 | 2.99* |
| 2 | 1.83 | 0.70 | 6.25** | −0.76 | 0.94 | 0.47 | 2.60 | 0.87 | 13.41** |
| Unusual preoccupations | |||||||||
| 1 | 0.79 | 0.49 | 2.20 | −1.17 | 0.61 | 0.31 | 1.96 | 0.65 | 7.09** |
| 2 | 1.59 | 0.47 | 4.92** | −1.24 | 0.67 | 0.29 | 2.83 | 0.66 | 17.04*** |
| Circumscribed interests | |||||||||
| 1 | −0.06 | 0.53 | 0.94 | −0.94 | 0.50 | 0.39 | 0.88 | 0.51 | 2.41 |
| 2 | −0.58 | 0.50 | 0.56 | −1.83 | 0.47 | 0.16*** | 1.25 | 0.50 | 3.49* |
| Repetitive use of objects | |||||||||
| 1 | −0.04 | 0.50 | 0.96 | −0.51 | 0.48 | 0.60 | 0.47 | 0.56 | 1.60 |
| 2 | 0.78 | 0.39 | 2.18* | −1.78 | 0.52 | 0.17** | 2.56 | 0.54 | 12.92*** |
| Compulsions/rituals | |||||||||
| 1 | −0.86 | 0.49 | 0.42 | −2.09 | 0.59 | 0.12*** | 1.23 | 0.69 | 3.41 |
| 2 | 0.21 | 0.44 | 1.23 | −1.74 | 0.61 | 0.18** | 1.95 | 0.63 | 7.00** |
| Unusual sensory interests | |||||||||
| 1 | −0.06 | 0.37 | 0.94 | −0.47 | 0.36 | 0.63 | 0.41 | 0.41 | 1.50 |
| 2 | 1.32 | 0.56 | 3.74* | −1.13 | 0.78 | 0.32 | 2.45 | 0.75 | 11.58** |
| Undue general sensitivity to noise | |||||||||
| 1 | 0.13 | 0.58 | 1.14 | −1.17 | 0.64 | 0.31 | 1.30 | 0.73 | 3.69 |
| 2 | 0.72 | 0.43 | 2.06 | −0.57 | 0.52 | 0.56 | 1.30 | 0.52 | 3.66* |
| Difficulties with minor changes in routines | |||||||||
| 1 | 0.10 | 0.42 | 1.11 | −0.91 | 0.45 | 0.40* | 1.01 | 0.51 | 2.75* |
| 2 | 1.09 | 0.47 | 2.98* | −1.98 | 0.72 | 0.14** | 3.08 | 0.75 | 21.69*** |
| Resistance to trivial changes | |||||||||
| 1 | 0.41 | 0.69 | 1.51 | −2.20 | 0.90 | 0.11* | 2.61 | 1.01 | 13.61* |
| 2 | 0.81 | 0.91 | 2.26 | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| Hand and finger mannerisms | |||||||||
| 1 | −0.64 | 0.83 | 0.53 | −0.48 | 0.75 | 0.61 | −0.16 | 0.93 | 0.85 |
| 2 | 1.69 | 0.80 | 5.40* | −0.14 | 1.10 | 0.87 | 1.82 | 0.92 | 6.20* |
| Other complex mannerisms | |||||||||
| 1 | 0.99 | 0.54 | 2.69 | −2.52 | 1.19 | 0.08* | 3.50 | 1.20 | 33.29** |
| 2 | 1.85 | 0.82 | 6.38* | - | - | - | - | - | - |
Note. Model 2 does not include the contrast between the No ASD and ASDwos groups as it corresponds to that in Model 1. Further, models were adjusted by gender, age, performance IQ, overall language level, and SA-CSS. Only 272 verbal children were included in the analyses for stereotyped utterances, inappropriate questions/statements, pronominal reversal, neologisms/idiosyncratic language, and verbal ritual. As the number of No ASD children coded as 2 was zero in resistance to trivial changes and other complex mannerisms, p-values were not calculated.
*
p < .05,
**
p < .01,
***
p < .001