Table 1.

Mechanism by Which Household Pollution Can Impact Respiratory Health

• Neutrophilic Inflammation

• Reduced Bacterial Clearance and Alterations in Microbiome

• Increased Matrix Metalloproteinase Activity and Gene Expression

• Greater Oxidative Stress

• Increased Apoptosis

• Pulmonary Surfactant Deactivation

• Reduced Mucociliary Clearance

• Epigenetic Changes - DNA Damage and Methylation

• Disruption of Lung Endothelial Cell Barrier