Table 3.

Cookstove Interventions to Improve Respiratory Health. Data from Refs^96–100

Author/Year	Intervention	Location/Participants	Findings
Romieu et al. 200997	RCT of chimney stove vs traditional open fire Primary Outcomes: Respiratory symptoms and Lung Function	Rural Mexico, n=552 women	No statistically significant effect seen in intention-to-treat (ITT) analyses, although a significant effect on both cough and annual rate of decline in forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1; 31 vs. 62 ml) was observed for women who reported using the chimney stove.
Smith et al. 201196	RCT of chimney stove vs traditional open fire Primary Outcomes: Physician diagnosed pneumonia	Rural Guatemala, n= 518 children under 19 mo age	No statistically significant effect on physician-diagnosed pneumonia was found, although physician-diagnosed severe pneumonia (defined by the presence of hypoxemia) was significantly reduced among children in the intervention group. The chimney stove intervention was reported to improve respiratory symptoms in the mothers of the study children, but not rate of decline in lung function in ITT analyses. A subsequent analysis demonstrated reduced carbon monoxide exposure was associated with a lower rate of decline in FEV1
Tielsch et al. 201698	Cluster-randomized, step-wedge, community-based trial of a cleaner-burning biomass stove vs traditional open stove Primary outcome: Acute lower respiratory tract infection	Rural Nepal, n= 5,254 children under the age of 3 yo	No statistically significant effect on the incidence of acute lower respiratory tract infection in the intervention compared with the control group (relative risk = 0.87 [95% confidence interval = 0.67–1.13]). Potentially beneficial effects were seen in selected secondary analyses on cough, wheeze, and burn injury.
Asante et al. 201799	Three-arm household-level RCT of liquefied petroleum gas versus a cleaner-burning biomass-fueled cookstove Primary Outcome: Birthweight and physician-diagnosed severe pneumonia in the first year of life	Rural Ghana, n = 1,415 pregnant women	Although children born to mothers with higher HAP CO exposures during pregnancy were at increased risk for impaired lung function measured 1 month after birth, no significant difference in birth weight or physician-assessed IMCI pneumonia in either of the intervention arms in IIT analysis
Mortimer et al. 2017100	Community-level C-RCT of two cleaner-burning, biomass-fueled cookstoves with a solar charger vs traditional open fire Primary Outcome: Pneumonia	Rural Malawi, n = 10,750 children under 5 yo	No effect of the intervention on the primary outcome of WHO Integrated Management of Childhood Illness–defined pneumonia in an ITT analysis.