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. 2020 Nov 12;10:19724. doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-76722-x

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© The Author(s) 2020

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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WFA has selective toxicity to melanoma cells compared with fibroblast cell lines. (A), A panel of melanoma (MelJD, MelCV, G361, A375 and MM200) cells and normal fibroblasts (WI-38, MRC-5) were treated with increasing concentrations (0–5 μM) of Withaferin A (WFA) for 48 h and cell viability was measured using the Alamar Blue assay. (B), Average IC50 for WFA-treated melanoma cell lines and normal fibroblasts. Melanoma cell lines (MelJD and MelCV) and normal fibroblasts (WI-38, and MRC-5) were treated with increasing concentrations (0–5 μM) of WFA for 48 h, followed by (C), BrdU cell proliferation assay (D), MITOPROBE DILC₁(5) measurements. (E), Flow cytometry results of MelJD and MelCV cells treated with increasing concentrations of WFA, then stained with Annexin-V-FITC/7AAD. Results are mean ± SEM, data was normalized to vehicle control treatment group.