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. 2020 Nov 12;10:19634. doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-76628-8

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© The Author(s) 2020

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Spatial distribution of HS2/HS3 DNA (a–c), RNA (d–f), and a helicase, DDX5, relative to HS2/HS3 RNA (g–i) in human germinal vesicle (GV) and metaphase I (MI) oocytes. (a–c) Localization of HS2/HS3 DNA probed with DYZ1 (red) in metaphase spreads of human lymphocytes (a), in human GV (b) and MI (c) oocytes as revealed by DNA–DNA FISH; (d–f) localization of HS2/HS3 RNA probed with DYZ1 (red) in human GV (d) and MI (e,f) oocytes, as revealed by DNA–RNA FISH without (d,e) and with (f) RNase A treatment; (g–i) localization of the HS3 transcript probed with DYZ1 (red) and DDX5 RNA helicase (green) in GV oocytes (g); during the transition from GV to MI (h); and at the MI stage (i). White arrows—(b,d,g) a ring of highly condensed heterochromatin, (c,e,f,h,i) a metaphase plate. Yellow arrows—(b) cumulus cells. Inserts show (b) the heterochromatin ring and (c) the metaphase plate. The nucleus was encircled with dotted white line (d,g) after the merge with brightfield data (not included in the panel). Chromatin was counterstained with DAPI (blue). Scale bars: (5 μm) (A) and (50 μm) (b–i).