Table 1.
Cardiovascular complications/presentations of COVID-19
| Cardiovascular manifestation | Study | No. of patients | Clinical outcome |
|---|---|---|---|
| Acute cardiac injury, evidenced by elevated cardiac troponin I and/or electrocardiogram and echocardiogram changes | Huang et al.3 | 5 (out of 41 patients; 12%) | 4 out of 5 required ICU care |
| Wang et al.10 | 10 (out of 138 patients; 7.2%) | More likely to end up in ICU (exact data not provided) | |
| Shi et al.11 | 82 (out of 416 patients; 19.7%) | 42 out of 82 experienced mortality (51.2%) | |
| Zhou et al.12 | 33 (out of 191 patients; 17%) | 32 out of 33 experienced mortality | |
| Arrhythmia | Wang et al.10 | 16 (out of 36 patients in the ICU; 44.4%) | Required ICU care |
| Myocarditis | Zeng et al.13 | 1 patient | Deceased |
| Sala et al.14 | 1 patient | Recovered and discharged | |
| Kim et al.15 | 1 patient | Not reported | |
| Heart failure | Zhou et al.12 | 44 (out of 191 patients; 23%) | 28 out of 44 experienced mortality |
| Fried et al.16 | 1 patient | Required mechanical ventilation | |
| Cardiomyopathy | Arentz et al.17 | 7 (out of 21 patients; 33%) | Not reported specifically for cardiomyopathy |
| Fried et al.16 | 1 patient | Stable on mechanical ventilation | |
| Venous thrombo-embolism | Wichmann et al.18 | 7 (out of 12 patients; 58%) had a DVT | 4 out of 12 patients died directly of PE |
| Lodigiani et al.19 | 28 (out of 362 patients; 7.7%) | 8 out of the 28 cases occurred in ICU patients |
ICU, intensive care unit. DVT, deep vein thrombosis