Table 1.
Patient Characteristics
| Total (N = 241) | Convalescent Plasma (N = 64) | Control (N = 177) | P value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Median age (IQR), y | 61 (48–73) | 61 (47–70) | 61 (50–75) | .17 |
| Sex | .57 | |||
| Female | 109 (45.2%) | 27 (42.2%) | 82 (46.3%) | |
| Male | 132 (54.8%) | 37 (57.8%) | 95 (53.7%) | |
| Race/ethnicity | .28 | |||
| Black or African American | 27 (11.2%) | 9 (14.1%) | 18 (10.2%) | |
| Hispanic or Latino | 89 (36.9%) | 27 (42.2%) | 62 (35.0%) | |
| Other/unknown | 25 (10.4%) | 8 (12.5%) | 17 (9.6%) | |
| White or Caucasian | 100 (41.5%) | 20 (31.3%) | 80 (45.2%) | |
| Congestive heart failure | 33 (13.7%) | 11 (17.2%) | 22 (12.4%) | .34 |
| Cardiac arrhythmias | 42 (17.4%) | 8 (12.5%) | 34 (19.2%) | .23 |
| Valvular disease | 8 (3.3%) | 2 (3.1%) | 6 (3.4%) | .92 |
| Pulmonary circulation disorders | 4 (1.7%) | 2 (3.1%) | 2 (1.1%) | .28 |
| Peripheral vascular disorders | 15 (6.2%) | 3 (4.7%) | 12 (6.8%) | .55 |
| Hypertension | 98 (40.7%) | 22 (34.4%) | 76 (42.9%) | .23 |
| Paralysis | 2 (0.8%) | 0 (0.0%) | 2 (1.1%) | .39 |
| Other neurological disorders | 29 (12.0%) | 6 (9.4%) | 23 (13.0%) | .45 |
| Chronic pulmonary disease | 36 (14.9%) | 8 (12.5%) | 28 (15.8%) | .52 |
| Diabetes | 57 (23.7%) | 16 (25.0%) | 41 (23.2%) | .77 |
| Hypothyroidism | 15 (6.2%) | 2 (3.1%) | 13 (7.3%) | .23 |
| Renal failure | 26 (10.8%) | 11 (17.2%) | 15 (8.5%) | .054 |
| Liver disease | 3 (1.2%) | 2 (3.1%) | 1 (0.6%) | .11 |
| Peptic ulcer disease excluding bleeding | 2 (0.8%) | 0 (0.0%) | 2 (1.1%) | .39 |
| HIV/AIDS | 3 (1.2%) | 3 (4.7%) | 0 (0.0%) | .004 |
| Lymphoma | 2 (0.8%) | 0 (0.0%) | 2 (1.1%) | .39 |
| Metastatic cancer | 2 (0.8%) | 0 (0.0%) | 2 (1.1%) | .39 |
| Solid tumor without metastasis | 11 (4.6%) | 1 (1.6%) | 10 (5.6%) | .18 |
| Rheumatoid arthritis/collagen vascular disease | 4 (1.7%) | 1 (1.6%) | 3 (1.7%) | .94 |
| Coagulopathy | 18 (7.5%) | 5 (7.8%) | 13 (7.3%) | .90 |
| Obesity | 95 (39.4%) | 26 (40.6%) | 69 (39.0%) | .82 |
| Weight loss | 12 (5.0%) | 2 (3.1%) | 10 (5.6%) | .43 |
| Fluid and electrolyte disorders | 74 (30.7%) | 17 (26.6%) | 57 (32.2%) | .40 |
| Blood loss anemia | 2 (0.8%) | 1 (1.6%) | 1 (0.6%) | .45 |
| Deficiency anemia | 7 (2.9%) | 1 (1.6%) | 6 (3.4%) | .46 |
| Alcohol abuse | 7 (2.9%) | 3 (4.7%) | 4 (2.3%) | .32 |
| Drug abuse | 4 (1.7%) | 2 (3.1%) | 2 (1.1%) | .28 |
| Psychoses | 4 (1.7%) | 1 (1.6%) | 3 (1.7%) | .94 |
| Depression | 28 (11.6%) | 9 (14.1%) | 19 (10.7%) | .48 |
| Weighted Elixhauser score (van Walraven) | .72 | |||
| <0 | 46 (19.1%) | 15 (23.4%) | 31 (17.5%) | |
| 0 | 60 (24.9%) | 15 (23.4%) | 45 (25.4%) | |
| 1–4 | 35 (14.5%) | 10 (15.6%) | 25 (14.1%) | |
| ≥5 | 100 (41.5%) | 24 (37.5%) | 76 (42.9%) | |
| Baseline oxygen requirements | .27 | |||
| Low flow supplemental oxygen | 171 (71.0%) | 42 (65.6%) | 129 (72.9%) | |
| NIPPV or HFNC | 70 (29.0%) | 22 (34.4%) | 48 (27.1%) | |
| Mean D-dimer (SD), μg/L | 360 (192) | 367 (181) | 357 (196) | .74 |
| Mean CRP (SD), mg/L | 112 (76.9) | 125 (78.7) | 106 (75.8) | .096 |
| Mean peripheral lymphocyte % (SD) | 13.8 (7.84) | 13.8 (8.52) | 13.8 (7.60) | .97 |
| Mean creatinine clearance (SD), mL/min | 101 (62.6) | 108 (64.3) | 98.6 (61.9) | .33 |
| Corticosteroid use | 66 (27.4%) | 26 (40.6%) | 40 (22.6%) | .006 |
| Hydroxychloroquine use | 19 (7.9%) | 3 (4.7%) | 16 (9.0%) | .27 |
| Remdesivir use | 77 (32.0%) | 18 (28.1%) | 59 (33.3%) | .44 |
| Admission to ICU | 85 (35.3%) | 27 (42.2%) | 58 (32.8%) | .18 |
| Invasive ventilation | 28 (11.6%) | 7 (10.9%) | 21 (11.9%) | .84 |
| Deceased | 36 (14.9%) | 8 (12.5%) | 28 (15.8%) | .52 |
| Median hospital length of stay (IQR), days | 8 (5–12) | 8 (5–10.5) | 8 (5–13) | .76 |
| Median time from symptom onset to hospital admission (IQR), days | 5 (2–7) | 6 (3–7) | 5 (2–7) | .060 |
| Median time from symptom onset to CP transfusion (IQR), days | 7 (5–9) | 7 (5–9) |
Abbreviations: HFNC, high-flow nasal cannula; HIV, human immunodeficiency virus; ICU, intensive care unit; IQR, interquartile range; NIPPV, noninvasive positive pressure ventilation; SD, standard deviation.
All data are no. (%) unless otherwise specified.