Table 2. Relation between disease characteristics and neuroimaging abnormalities.
| No Abnormality | single abnormality | two abnormalities | three abnormalities | four abnormalities | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n = 3 (6%) | n = 5 (10%) | n = 9 (19%) | n = 15 (31%) | n = 16 (33%) | |
| Sex, Male | 2 (67) | 1 (20) | 5 (56) | 7 (47) | 8 (50) |
| Age, years | 19 [17–19] | 33 [25–47] | 36 [30–46] | 24 [20–33] | 32 [22–40] |
| Duration, days | 30 [7-] | 30 [10–90] | 8 [7–60] | 30 [14–90] | 33 [30–90] |
| GCS | 15 | 14 [13–15] | 11 [11–13] | 13 [12–14] | 12 [12–13] |
| Grade I | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) |
| II | 2 (67) | 5 (100) | 7 (78) | 14 (93) | 15 (94) |
| III | 1 (33) | 0 (0) | 2 (22) | 1 (7) | 1 (6) |
| Headache | 3 (100) | 5 (100) | 8 (89) | 14 (93) | 16 (100) |
| Neck stiffness | 3 (100) | 5 (100) | 9 (100) | 13 (87) | 16 (100) |
| Seizures | 1 (33) | 0 | 1 (11) | 1 (7) | 1 (6) |
| Motor deficits | 1 (33) | 1 (20) | 4 (44) | 9 (60) | 12 (75) |
| Cranial nerve palsy | 1 (33) | 3 (60) | 7 (78) | 13 (87) | 13 (81) |
| Temperature °C | 38 [37-] | 37 [36–38] | 37 [37–38] | 38 [37–39] | 38 [37–38] |
| Fever | 1 (100) | 3 (60) | 6 (67) | 15 (100) | 14 (88) |
| Chest x-ray abnormalities | 0 | 1 (20) | 8 (89) | 10 (67) | 14 (88) |
| Any bacteriological test positive | 0 | 3 (60) | 6 (67) | 11 (73) | 14 (88) |
| CSF culture positivity | 0 | 3 (60) | 5 (56) | 10 (67) | 13 (81) |
| HIV-infected | 1 (33) | 0 | 0 | 2 (13) | 1 (6) |
| 6-month mortality | 1 (33) | 1 (20) | 3 (33) | 3 (20) | 3 (19) |
| 6-month GOS | 0 | 1 (20) | 1 (11) | 0 | 3 (19) |
| Leukocytes (cells, μl) | 22 [8-] | 480 [224–763] | 199 [152–456] | 176 [84–215] | 258 [149–532] |
| PMN (cells/μl) | 326 [19-] | 52 [30–252] | 34 [1–160] | 57 [35–137] | 93 [149–532] |
| % of total CSF leukocytes | 14 | 25 [21–38] | 25 [21–71] | 31 [7–54] | 38 [18–61] |
| MN (cells/μl) | 137 [115-] | 155 [95–369] | 136 [7–332] | 110 [46–176] | 124 [67–371] |
| % of total CSF leukocytes | 86 [74-] | 75 [62–80] | 75 [29–80] | 69 [46–93] | 62 [39–371] |
| CSF protein (mg/dl) | 158 [32-] | 165 [89–182] | 209 [141–1434] | 188 [71–308] | 249 [160–402] |
| CSF/blood glucose ratio | 0.22 [0.21-] | 0.25 [0.2–0.40 | 0.17 [0.13–0.24] | 0.25 [0.11–0.36] | 0.13 [0.09–0.19] |
| Haemoglobin (mg/dL) | 14 [11-] | 13 [11–13] | 13 [10–15] | 11 [10–13] | 12 [10–14] |
| Leukocyte (109 cells/L) | 10 [7-] | 10 [6–13] | 1 [7–14] | 11 [9–14] | 11 [9–14] |
| Neutrophils (cells/ul) | 9 [6-] | 9 [4–10] | 10 [6–12] | 10 [7–12] | 9 [8–12] |
| % of total blood leukocytes | 84 [79-] | 81 [60–88] | 84 [79–86] | 84 [70–91] | 83 [79–88] |
| Lymphocytes (109 cells/L) | 0.9 [0.8-] | 0.9 [0.7–1.9] | 1.1 [0.8–1.6] | 1.2 [0.6–1.4] | 0.8 [0.8–1.1] |
| % of total blood leukocytes | 12 [9-] | 13 [8–21] | 9 [8–15] | 11 [5–21] | 8 [6–9] |
| Monocytes (109 cells/ul) | 0.5 (0.3-) | 0.6 (0.2–1.1) | 0.7 (0.5–1) | 0.7 (0.5–1) | 0.8 [0.4–1.0] |
| % of total blood leukocytes | 4 (3-) | 6 (4–13) | 6 (5–10) | 5 (4–10) | 8 [5–10] |
| Thrombocyte x 109/L | 243 [210-] | 376 [287–425] | 290 [217–338] | 312 [239–468] | 479 [411–515] |
| Blood sodium (mEq/dL) | 135 [124-] | 127 [122–132] | 123 [116–136] | 124 [119–133] | 124 [116–129] |
Data are % of patients for categorical data or median value (IQR = interquartile range) for continuous data. Abbreviations: GCS, Glasgow Coma Scale; HIV, Human Immunodeficiency Virus; CSF, Cerebrospinal Fluid; PMN, Polymorphonuclear; MN, Mononuclear.
Bold: p-value <0.05 in comparison Krusskal-wallis test for numerical data and Chi-square test for categorical data. Fever: body temperature >38.5°C.