Table 4. Risk factors associated to HIV/syphilis co-infection among pregnant women aged beyond 15 years old who were tested for HIV and syphilis, national sentinel surveillance survey of HIV and syphilis 2017.
| Characteristics | Univariate Analysis | Multivariate Analysis | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| HIV/syphilis Co-infection vs No infection | HIV infection vs No infection | Syphilis infection vs No infection | HIV/syphilis Co-infection vs No infection | HIV infection vs No infection | Syphilis infection vs No infection | |
| OR [95% IC] | OR [95% IC] | OR [95% IC] | aOR [95% IC] | aOR [95% IC] | aOR [95% IC] | |
| Residence | ||||||
| Urban | Ref | Ref | Ref* | Ref | Ref | Ref |
| Rural | 1 [0.4–2.5 ] | 0.8 [0.7–1.1 ] | 1.9 [1.4–2.5 ] | 1.1 [0.4–2.8 ] | 0.9 [0.7–1.1 ] | 1.8 [1.3–2.4 ] μ |
| Region Group | ||||||
| Northern | 0.3 [0.1–1.4 ] | 0.6 [0.4–0.8 ] | 0.6 [0.4–0.9 ] | 0.5 [0.1–2.1 ] | 0.6 [0.5–0.9 ] μ | 0.6 [0.4–0.9 ] μ |
| Southern | Ref | Ref | Ref* | Ref | Ref | Ref |
| Type of union | ||||||
| Single | 2.5 [1–6.4 ] | 1.1 [0.8–1.4 ] | 1.1 [0.8–1.5 ] | 2.9 [1–8.2 ] a | 1.5 [1.1–2.1 ] μ | 1 [0.7–1.5 ] |
| Married/Cohabiting/Widow/Divorced | Ref | Ref | Ref* | Ref | Ref | Ref |
| Education | ||||||
| None | Ref | Ref | Ref* | |||
| Primary | 0.7 [0.1–3 ] | 2.1 [1.3–3.3 ] | 1.8 [1.1–3.1 ] | |||
| Secondary | 0.5 [0.1–1.9 ] | 1.4 [0.9–2.3 ] | 1.2 [0.7–2 ] | |||
| Higher | 1.2 [0.3–5.4 ] | 1.1 [0.6–2 ] | 0.8 [0.4–1.5 ] | |||
| Primiparous | ||||||
| Yes | Ref | Ref | Ref* | Ref | Ref | Ref |
| No | 0.9 [0.3–2.6 ] | 3 [2.1–4.5 ] | 0.9 [0.6–1.2 ] | 0.4 [0.1–1.2 ] | 2.7 [1.7–4.3 ] μ | 1 [0.7–1.4 ] |
| Number of pregnancies | ||||||
| 0 | Ref | Ref | Ref* | |||
| 2 to 3 | 0.1 [0–1.1 ] | 2.6 [1.7–4 ] | 0.8 [0.6–1.2 ] | |||
| 4 to 5 | 1.8 [0.6–5.5 ] | 3.8 [2.5–5.8 ] | 0.9 [0.6–1.3 ] | |||
| >5 | 1.7 [0.5–6 ] | 3.1 [1.9–4.9 ] | 1.2 [0.7–1.8 ] | |||
| Age (in years) | ||||||
| 15–24 | Ref | Ref | Ref* | Ref | Ref | Ref* |
| 25–49 | 7.2 [1.7–31.2 ] | 2.4 [1.9–3.2 ] | 0.8 [0.6–1.1 ] | 15.1 [3–75.7 ]μ | 2 [1.4–2.6 ] μ | 0.8 [0.6–1.2 ] |
| Occupation | ||||||
| Housewife | Ref | Ref | Ref* | |||
| Student | 0.6 [0.1–2.6 ] | 0.4 [0.3–0.6 ] | 1.3 [0.8–1.8 ] | |||
| Formal employee (Civil servant) | 0.7 [0.1–5.4 ] | 1.2 [0.7–1.8 ] | 0.9 [0.5–1.6 ] | |||
| Informal employee/entrepreneurship | 1.5 [0.5–4.3 ] | 1.6 [1.2–2.2 ] | 1.4 [1 – 2 ] | |||
| Unemployed & Others | 0.9 [0.1–7.4 ] | 1.3 [0.8–2.1 ] | 1.5 [0.8–2.6 ] | |||
a: attempted a borderline.
Ref: reference category
#: Global p-value < 0.25
*: Global p-value < 0.05
μ: P-value < 0.05