Cytokine responses and cellular responses in the lavage fluid were analyzed for C57BL/6 mice intraperitoneally immunized with either nanofibers or peptide/adjuvant formulations. All values reported are mean ± SEM. (A) Cytokine secretion levels were determined using cytokine ELISA 12 hours after i.p. immunization. Abbreviation: MCP-1 (monocyte chemotactic protein-1), G-CSF (granulocyte colony-stimulating factor), TNF (tumor necrosis factor), IL (interleukin). (B) Immune cell populations in lavage fluid were analyzed 1 hour and 12 hours after immunization using flow cytometry. For both (A) and (B): * p<0.05, ** p<0.01, *** p<0.001 **** p<0.0001 by two-way ANOVA with Tukey post-hoc test.