Figure 5.
Select examples of magnetic resonance ABS probes for biological discovery. a) [1-13C]pyruvate for the NMR detection of an alteration In the lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) expression in tumors. Observation of increased conversion of [1-13C]pyruvate to [1-13C]lactate in tumors using 3D spectral arrays from differing 13C chemical shifts.[274] b) Furan-malononitrile probe for the NMR detection of biological thiols. Michael addition of thiol to the acrylamide results in differing 19F chemical shifts for cysteine, homocysteine, and glutathione detection.[276] c) MRI contrast agent EgadMe for the NMR detection of gene expression in zebrafish. The NMR signal from Gd3+ is altered upon galactopyranose cleavage in the presence of marker gene coding for β-galactosidase.[277] d) NMR redox detection through differing 13C chemical shifts of dehydroascorbate (DHA) and vitamin C (VitC) reveals an altered redox state in prostate tumors.[278]