Table 6.
Effects of diabetes (DM) and/or estrogen deficiency on the serum concentrations of cytokines in rats.
| Parameter/group | Nonovariectomized (NOVX) rats | Ovariectomized (OVX) rats | Two-way ANOVA | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Control | DM | Control | DM | OVX | DM | OVXx DM | |
| IL-1α (pg/mL) | 174.0 ± 25.7 | 366.7 ± 64.9∗∗ | 180.3 ± 34.9 | 362.1 ± 42.9∗∗XX | NS | p < 0.001 | NS |
| IL-1β (pg/mL) | 613.6 ± 155.9 | 43675 ± 23833 | 495.5 ± 138.5 | 29915 ± 22082 | NS | p < 0.05 | NS |
| IL-2 (pg/mL) | 585.7 ± 260.4 | 2670 ± 1394 | 419.3 ± 141.9 | 743.9 ± 377.8 | NS | NS | NS |
| IL-4 (pg/mL) | 105.9 ± 19.9 | 233.7 ± 37.8∗∗ | 106.6 ± 22.9 | 152.3 ± 19.9a | NS | p < 0.01 | NS |
| IL-5 (pg/mL) | 565.7 ± 39.6 | 649.2 ± 42.1 | 543.4 ± 49.2 | 610.9 ± 78.6 | NS | NS | NS |
| IL-6 (pg/mL) | 470.5 ± 214.2 | 750.6 ± 185.5 | 379.1 ± 86.4 | 635.2 ± 158.5 | NS | NS | NS |
| IL-7 (pg/mL) | 506.5 ± 108.7 | 5886 ± 1750∗∗ | 426.7 ± 91.8 | 5168 ± 1873∗X | NS | p < 0.001 | NS |
| IL-10 (pg/mL) | 84.8 ± 15.0 | 193.2 ± 33.5∗∗ | 80.8 ± 18.0 | 170.8 ± 29.3∗X | NS | p < 0.001 | NS |
| IL-12p70 (pg/mL) | 250.4 ± 62.7 | 307.5 ± 57.7 | 274.3 ± 92.3 | 324.2 ± 75.2 | NS | NS | NS |
| IL-13 (pg/mL) | 139.2 ± 25.5 | 424.1 ± 140.4 | 128.2 ± 35.1 | 209.2 ± 63.7 | NS | p < 0.05 | NS |
| IL-17A (pg/mL) | 62.3 ± 9.0 | 95.6 ± 19.7 | 61.9 ± 12.7 | 110.4 ± 19.2 | NS | p < 0.05 | NS |
| IL-18 (pg/mL) | 3950 ± 851 | 10802 ± 5377 | 4341 ± 208 | 4663 ± 1651 | NS | NS | NS |
| G-CSF (pg/ml) | 2.16 ± 0.77 | 5.98 ± 2.07 | 1.56 ± 0.72 | 5.45 ± 1.65 | NS | p < 0.05 | NS |
| GM-CSF (pg/ml) | 874.2 ± 224.5 | 26206 ± 7878∗∗ | 793.5 ± 216.4 | 22875 ± 6940∗∗XX | NS | p < 0.001 | NS |
| GRO/KC (pg/ml) | 627.1 ± 65.4 | 12186 ± 6622 | 659.9 ± 178.6 | 6295 ± 2398 | NS | p < 0.05 | NS |
| IFN-γ (pg/ml) | 308.6 ± 50.8 | 618.8 ± 146.8 | 293.8 ± 76.3 | 459.3 ± 87.4 | NS | p < 0.05 | NS |
| M-CSF (pg/ml) | 22.8 ± 5.4 | 55.3 ± 12.2∗∗ | 15.8 ± 3.8 | 51.7 ± 8.4∗XX | NS | p < 0.001 | NS |
| MIP-1a (pg/ml) | 206.8 ± 56.5 | 10541 ± 2459∗∗∗ | 157.7 ± 35.3 | 10720 ± 2032∗∗∗XXX | NS | p < 0.001 | NS |
| MIP-3a (pg/ml) | 28.6 ± 4.1 | 106.5 ± 13.9 | 26.3 ± 4.9 | 206.4 ± 67.2∗∗XX | NS | p < 0.01 | NS |
| RANTES (pg/ml) | 2011 ± 214 | 2192 ± 223 | 2204 ± 813 | 8095 ± 1414∗∗∗XXX aaa | p < 0.01 | p < 0.01 | p < 0.01 |
| TNF-α (pg/ml) | 326.4 ± 108.6 | 457.4 ± 88.1 | 254.4 ± 81.3 | 623.0 ± 127.6 | NS | p < 0.05 | NS |
| VEGF (pg/ml) | 486.8 ± 67.0 | 7360 ± 2916∗∗ | 608.9 ± 122.2 | 4020 ± 991 | NS | p < 0.01 | NS |
| MCP-1 (MCAF) (pg/ml) | 3119 ± 493 | 834106 ± 241089∗∗∗ | 4110 ± 1334 | 598440 ± 159609∗∗XX | NS | p < 0.001 | NS |
Bilateral ovariectomy was performed 5 weeks before the end of the experiment. Diabetes was induced 3 days after the ovariectomy by a single administration of streptozotocin (60 mg/kg i.p.). Results are presented as means ± SEM (n = 7). Two-way ANOVA followed by Fisher's LSD test was used for evaluation of the significance of the results. ∗p < 0.05, ∗∗p < 0.01, ∗∗∗p < 0.001—significantly different from the NOVX control rats; Xp < 0.05, XXp < 0.01, XXXp < 0.001—significantly different from the OVX control rats; ap < 0.05, aaap < 0.001—significantly different from the DM-NOVX rats.