Table 2.
Associations of serum magnesium with atrial arrhythmias: the ARIC study, 2016-2017†
| Serum magnesium, mmol/L |
|||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| <0.75 | 0.75-<0.85 | 0.85->0.95 | ≥0.95 | Per 0.1 mmol/L decrement | |
| AF Burden | OR (95% CI) | ||||
| N | 478 | 986 | 1004 | 45 | |
| Continuous AF vs. no AF | |||||
| Continuous AF, N | 33 | 46 | 43 | 1 | |
| Model 1 | 1.90 (1.17-3.06) | 1.12 (0.73-1.73) | 1 (Ref) | - | 1.27 (1.02-1.57) |
| Model 2 | 1.70 (1.01-2.86) | 0.96 (0.60-1.54) | 1 (Ref) | - | 1.18 (0.93-1.50) |
| Model 3 | 1.48 (0.81-2.68) | 0.90 (0.55-1.49) | 1 (Ref) | - | 1.11 (0.84-1.46) |
| Model 4 | 1.51 (0.83-2.75) | 0.91 (0.55-1.51) | 1 (Ref) | - | 1.12 (0.85-1.47) |
| Intermittent AF vs. no AF | |||||
| Intermittent AF, N | 17 | 32 | 32 | 0 | |
| Model 1 | 1.30 (0.71-2.38) | 1.07 (0.65-1.77) | 1 (Ref) | - | 1.09 (0.83-1.43) |
| Model 2 | 1.11 (0.59-2.12) | 0.96 (0.57-1.62) | 1 (Ref) | - | 1.03 (0.77-1.37) |
| Model 3 | 1.24 (0.63-2.47) | 0.94 (0.56-1.59) | 1 (Ref) | - | 1.07 (0.78-1.47) |
| Model 4 | 1.29 (0.64-2.58) | 0.98 (0.57-1.66) | 1 (Ref) | - | 1.10 (0.80-1.51) |
| Ratio of Geometric Means (95% CI)‡,§ | |||||
| Nc | 400 | 851 | 870 | 42 | |
| Isolated PAC burden | |||||
| Geometric Mean | 226 | 234 | 192 | 159 | |
| Model 1 | 1.20 (0.98-1.48) | 1.21 (1.03-1.43) | 1 (Ref) | 0.82 (0.48-1.40) | 1.09 (0.99-1.19) |
| Model 2 | 1.16 (0.94-1.45) | 1.24 (1.05-1.47) | 1 (Ref) | 0.81 (0.46-1.42) | 1.07 (0.97-1.18) |
| Model 3 | 1.18 (0.93-1.49) | 1.26 (1.06-1.49) | 1 (Ref) | 0.85 (0.48-1.51) | 1.08 (0.97-1.19) |
| Model 4 | 1.16 (0.91-1.48) | 1.26 (1.06-1.50) | 1 (Ref) | 0.86 (0.48-1.53) | 1.07 (0.96-1.18) |
| SVT burden | |||||
| Geometric Mean | 1.9 | 2.2 | 2.2 | 1.9 | |
| Model 1 | 0.90 (0.82-0.99) | 1.00 (0.92-1.07) | 1 (Ref) | 0.85 (0.66-1.08) | 0.96 (0.92-1.00) |
| Model 2 | 0.91 (0.82-1.00) | 1.01 (0.94-1.09) | 1 (Ref) | 0.89 (0.69-1.16) | 0.97 (0.93-1.01) |
| Model 3 | 0.95 (0.85-1.06) | 1.02 (0.95-1.11) | 1 (Ref) | 0.92 (0.71-1.20) | 0.99 (0.94-1.04) |
| Model 4 | 0.95 (0.85-1.06) | 1.02 (0.95-1.11) | 1 (Ref) | 0.92 (0.71-1.20) | 0.99 (0.94-1.04) |
Abbreviations: Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities, ARIC; standard deviation, SD; confidence interval, CI; atrial fibrillation, AF; premature atrial contraction, PAC; supraventricular tachycardia, SVT.
Model 1=age, sex, race-center
Model 2=Model 1+educational attaimnent, smoking status, drinking status, physical activity, magnesium or calcium supplement use, body mass index
Model 3=Model 2+diabetes, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, antihypertensive medication use
Model 4=Model 3+serum potassium
PAC and SVT burden were log-transformed due to right-skew distribution. The ratio of geometric mean refers to the exponentiated beta coefficient from linear regression, e.g., exp(β<0.75 vs 0.85-0.95 mmol/L)· An example interpretation, in Model 1, the geometric mean PAC burden among individuals with serum Mg <0.75 mmol/L was 1.20 fold the geometric mean PAC burden among those with serum Mg 0.85-0.95 mmol/L.
Excluding those with AF detected on the ECG patch monitor or AF identified by prior ARIC ascertainment