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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2021 Nov 1.
Published in final edited form as: J Hum Hypertens. 2020 May 21;34(11):759–763. doi: 10.1038/s41371-020-0358-9

Fig. 1. Circular relationships among fine particulate matter air pollution, high blood pressure, and cardiovascular risk.

Fig. 1

BP blood pressure, CV cardiovascular, PM particulate matter, PM2.5, particulate matter <2.5 μm. Higher BP and ambient PM2.5 levels both directly increase cardiovascular risk. Higher ambient PM2.5 levels also increase BP. Higher BP can increase the susceptibility to cardiovascular events related to PM2.5 exposure. Preexisting cardiovascular diseases increase the susceptiblity to future events due to PM2.5 exposures.