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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2022 Jan 1.
Published in final edited form as: Biosens Bioelectron. 2020 Oct 13;171:112723. doi: 10.1016/j.bios.2020.112723

Figure 2. Production methods of graphene and graphene derivatives.

Figure 2.

A) Molecular structure of graphene (GR), graphene oxide (GO), and reduced graphene oxide (rGO). B) Comparison of various graphene production techniques according to quality and cost: (a) molecular beam epitaxy, (b) micromechanical exfoliation, (c) chemical vapor deposition, (d) epitaxial growth on SiC, (e) molecular assembly, (f) liquid-phase exfoliation, and (g) photoexfoliation. Adapted with permission from (Bonaccorso et al. 2012)