Table 4.
Association of Individual Frailty Components with Total Healthcare Costs
| Cost ratio (95% CI) |
|||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Frailty component | Base modela | Multivariable (MV) modelb | MV model + functional limitationsc | MV model + Kim CFI | MV model + functional limitations + Kim CFI |
| Shrinking | |||||
| Present (N=254) | 1.61 (1.36-1.90) | 1.52 (1.28-1.80) | 1.44 (1.22-1.71) | 1.46 (1.23-1.72) | 1.42 (1.20-1.68) |
| Absent | 1.00 (referent) | 1.00 (referent) | 1.00 (referent) | 1.00 (referent) | 1.00 (referent) |
| Weakness | |||||
| Present (N=272) | 1.62 (1.37-1.92) | 1.52 (1.28-1.80) | 1.40 (1.17-1.66) | 1.41 (1.18-1.67) | 1.35 (1.13-1.61) |
| Absent | 1.00 (referent) | 1.00 (referent) | 1.00 (referent) | 1.00 (referent) | 1.00 (referent) |
| Poor energy | |||||
| Present (N=742) | 1.35 (1.19-1.53) | 1.20 (1.05-1.36) | 1.11 (0.98-1.26) | 1.14 (1.01-1.30) | 1.09 (0.96-1.24) |
| Absent | 1.00 (referent) | 1.00 (referent) | 1.00 (referent) | 1.00 (referent) | 1.00 (referent) |
| Slowness | |||||
| Present (N=147) | 2.01 (1.62-2.48) | 1.79 (1.44-2.22) | 1.45 (1.14-1.84) | 1.54 (1.24-1.92) | 1.35 (1.06-1.72) |
| Absent | 1.00 (referent) | 1.00 (referent) | 1.00 (referent) | 1.00 (referent) | 1.00 (referent) |
| Low physical activity | |||||
| Present (N=528) | 1.26 (1.10-1.44) | 1.15 (1.00-1.31) | 1.00 (0.87-1.14) | 1.06 (0.93-1.21) | 0.97 (0.85-1.11) |
| Absent | 1.00 (referent) | 1.00 (referent) | 1.00 (referent) | 1.00 (referent) | 1.00 (referent) |
Note: CFI, claims-based frailty index
a
adjusted for age, race, and site
b
adjusted for age, race, site, multimorbidity burden, and cognitive function
c
functional limitations defined by number of IADL impairments