Table 1.

Characterization of samples: final surface roughness of samples, static contact angle with liquids, solid surface free energy, comparison of coefficients of friction and widths of tracks in air and in phosphate-buffered saline (mean values ± SD). Ctrl: MAO-untreated Ti–6Al–4V samples; MA01: samples treated with MAO; MA01-blasting: samples treated with MAO with the outer porous layer removed by blasting; PS: cell culture polystyrene.

Parameter/sample	Ctrl	MA01	MA01-blasting	PS
Roughness (µm)
Ra	0.28 ± 0.01	1.50 ± 0.04	0.50 ± 0.02	N/A
Rz	1.88 ± 0.00	6.49 ± 0.25	2.57 ± 0.03	N/A
RSm	340.00 ± 0.03	62.10 ± 0.01	127.10 ± 0.01	N/A
Contact angle (°)
H2O	71.8 ± 5.8	15.6 ± 4.6	35.4 ± 9.3	76.5 ± 1.6
Glycerol	63.3 ± 3.7	17.8 ± 4.2	30.4 ± 6.7	71.2 ± 1.2
Solid surface energy (mN/m)
Total	33.4 ± 18.84	70.9 ± 6.98	60.0 ± 24.69	28.3 ± 5.23
Dispersive component	18.1 ± 9.67	14.8 ± 2.54	17.8 ± 9.60	12.5 ± 2.48
Polar component	15.3 ± 9.17	56.1 ± 4.45	42.1 ± 15.08	15.8 ± 2.76
Coefficient of friction µ
Air	0.68	0.63	0.64	N/A
PBS	0.43	0.39	0.72	N/A
Track width (mm)
Air	0.68 ± 0.05	0.22 ± 0.01	0.12 ± 0.01	N/A
PBS	0.48 ± 0.01	0.23 ± 0.01	0.16 ± 0.01	N/A