Table 7.
The frequency of the phenotypic multidrug-resistance and the antibiotic-resistance genes among the retrieved strains (n = 48).
| No. of strains | % | Type of resistance | Phenotypic multidrug resistance | The antibiotic -resistance genes |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 24 | 50 | MDR | Penicillins: ampicillin, amoxicillin, amoxicillin–clavulanic acid | blaTEM, blaCTX, and blaKPC |
| Cephalosporins: cetazidime, cefotaxime | ||||
| Carbapenems: meropenem and imipenem | ||||
| 12 | 25 | Resistant | Penicillins: ampicillin and amoxicillin | blaTEM and blaCTX |
| Cephalosporins: cetazidime and cefotaxime | ||||
| 4 | 8.3 | MDR | Penicillins: ampicillin and amoxicillin | blaTEM and blaCTX |
| Cephalosporins: cetazidime and cefotaxime | ||||
| Aminoglycosides: amikacin | ||||
| 3 | 6.3 | Resistant | Penicillins: ampicillin, amoxicillin, amoxicillin–clavulanic acid | blaTEM |
| Sulfonamides: trimethoprim–sulfamethoxazole | ||||
| 3 | 6.3 | Resistant | Penicillins: ampicillin, and amoxicillin | blaTEM |
| 2 | 4.1 | Resistant | Penicillins: ampicillin, amoxicillin, and amoxicillin–clavulanic acid | blaTEM |
Characteristics of multidrug resistance (MDR), extensively drug-resistance (XDR), and pandrug-resistance (PDR) in E. coli: PDR non-susceptible to all antimicrobial agents listed, XDR non-susceptible to ≥ one agent in all but ≤ two antimicrobial classes, MDR non-susceptible to ≥ one agent in ≥ three antimicrobial classes.