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. 2020 Nov 13;6:33. doi: 10.1038/s41531-020-00137-8

Fig. 4. Immunohistochemistry and protein expression of astrocyte-related proteins in the frontal cortex of PRKN-mutated patients, idiopathic Parkinson’s disease (iPD) patients, and a control.

Fig. 4

Immunohistochemistry against glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) (a, e, i, m, q, u, y), vimentin (b, f, j, n, r, v, z), nestin (c, g, k, o, s, w, α), and aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 family, member L1 (ALDH1L1) (d, h, l, p, t, x, β). Astrocytic GFAP, vimentin, and ALDH1L1 were detected in the frontal cortex of the control, idiopathic Parkinson’s disease (iPD) patients, and PRKN-mutated patients. Red arrowheads indicate positively stained astrocytes. Scale bars represent 200 µm (aβ). The western blot analysis from control, iPD, and PRKN-mutated frontal cortices was performed using GFAP, vimentin, ALDH1L1, and parkin antibodies (γ). Actin served as the loading control. A quantitative analysis of the relative protein levels of GFAP, vimentin, and ALDH1L1 revealed no statistically significant differences among the PRKN-mutated patients, iPD patients, and controls (δ).