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. 2020 Jul 24;45(6):509–531. doi: 10.1007/s10755-020-09519-5

Table 2.

Comparison of units completed and grade point average (GPA) after the first year for students in the Klamath Connection learning community and in a reference set of students

Learning Community Reference
Metric and student group Mean ± S.D. n Mean ± S.D. n Hedges’ g
Units completeda
All students 26.78 ± 7.82 270 23.99 ± 8.42 08 0.34
Underrepresented groups 26.34 ± 8.05 105 22.66 ± 8.64 01 0.44
First-generation 26.66 ± 8.09 119 23.19 ± 8.62 32 0.27
Low-income 26.97 ± 8.52 98 23.35 ± 8.38 21 0.63
First-year GPA
All students 2.76 ± 0.92 270 2.67 ± 1.02 08 0.09
Underrepresented groups 2.69 ± 0.92 105 2.47 ± 1.04 01 0.21
First-generation 2.81 ± 0.94 119 2.54 ± 1.03 32 0.27
Low-income 2.74 ± 0.98 98 2.54 ± 1.02 21 0.19

Effect sizes are reported as Hedges’ g, with bolded values correspond to small (≥0.2) or medium (≥0.5) effect

a Semester units completed at the institution in the first year; does not include AP units