Table 3.
Factors associated with 3-month mortality in patients who were managed in a tertiary hospital (Pooled (NTT+T) group) (Starting point=referral time)
| Pooled (NTT+T) group (N=410) |
||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Crude association |
Adjusted association+ |
Adjusted association* |
||||||||
| n | HR | 95% CI | p | HR | 95% CI | p | HR | 95% CI | p | |
| Socio-demographic | ||||||||||
| Age | 0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | |||||||
| < 70 | 261 | ref | - | ref | - | ref | - | |||
| ≥ 70 | 149 | 2.108 | 1.376-3.228 | 2.316 | 1.463-3.666 | 2.316 | 1.463-3.666 | |||
| Sex | ||||||||||
| Female | 100 | ref | - | 0.335 | ||||||
| Male | 310 | 0.793 | 0.494-1.271 | |||||||
| Medical history | ||||||||||
| Charlson Comorbidity index | 0.001 | 0.029 | 0.029 | |||||||
| <2 | 230 | ref | - | ref | - | ref | - | |||
| ≥ 2 | 180 | 2.038 | 1.320-3.145 | 1.662 | 1.054-2.621 | 1.662 | 1.054-2.621 | |||
| High blood pressure | 0.005 | |||||||||
| No | 225 | ref | - | |||||||
| Yes | 185 | 1.857 | 1.206-2.861 | |||||||
| Injection drug use | 0.359 | |||||||||
| No | 386 | ref | - | |||||||
| Yes | 24 | 0.583 | 0.184-1.845 | |||||||
| Underlying heart disease (HD) | 0.399 | |||||||||
| No previously known HD | 212 | ref | - | |||||||
| Previously known HD without prosthetic valve | 107 | 0.762 | 0.441-1.316 | |||||||
| Prosthetic valve | 91 | 1.168 | 0.701-1.945 | |||||||
| Previous IE | 0.196 | |||||||||
| No | 382 | ref | - | |||||||
| Yes | 28 | 0.467 | 0.148-1.479 | |||||||
| Cardiac implantable electronic device | 0.599 | |||||||||
| No | 3511 | ref | - | |||||||
| Yes | 59 | 1.166 | 0.658-2.069 | |||||||
| IE profile | ||||||||||
| Clinical characteristics | ||||||||||
| Suspected source of infection | 0.090 | |||||||||
| Community | 304 | ref | - | |||||||
| Healthcare-related, acquired in hospital | 95 | 1.559 | 0.978-2.486 | |||||||
| Healthcare-related, not acquired in hospital | 11 | 2.082 | 0.754-5.746 | |||||||
| Left heart endocarditis | 0.354 | |||||||||
| No | 82 | ref | - | |||||||
| Yes | 328 | 1.311 | 0.739-2.336 | |||||||
| Fever | 0.374 | |||||||||
| No | 55 | ref | - | |||||||
| Yes | 355 | 1.368 | 0.686-2.730 | |||||||
| Heart failure | 0.085 | |||||||||
| No | 266 | ref | - | |||||||
| Yes | 144 | 1.458 | 0.950-2.239 | |||||||
| Microbiological characteristics | ||||||||||
| Staphylococcal IE | <0.001 | 0.007 | 0.007 | |||||||
| No | 263 | ref | - | ref | - | ref | - | |||
| Yes | 147 | 2.732 | 1.776-4.202 | 1.854 | 1.186-2.899 | 1.854 | 1.186-2.899 | |||
| Echocardiographic characteristics | ||||||||||
| Vegetation | 0.544 | |||||||||
| No vegetation | 52 | ref | - | |||||||
| ≤15mm | 176 | 0.968 | 0.477-1.963 | |||||||
| >15mm | 106 | 1.387 | 0.671-2.866 | |||||||
| Unknown size of vegetation | 76 | 1.036 | 0.465-2.306 | |||||||
| Perforation | 0.443 | |||||||||
| No | 330 | ref | - | |||||||
| Yes | 80 | 0.799 | 0.451-1.418 | |||||||
| IE complications | ||||||||||
| Cardiac abscess⁎⁎ | 0.060 | |||||||||
| No | 315 | ref | - | |||||||
| Yes | 95 | 1. 669 | 0.979-2.846 | |||||||
| Septic shock⁎⁎ | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | |||||||
| No | 345 | ref | . | ref | - | ref | - | |||
| Yes | 65 | 5.057 | 3.239-7.894 | 3.462 | 2.119-5.657 | 3.462 | 2.119-5.657 | |||
| Cerebral haemorrhage⁎⁎ | 0.001 | |||||||||
| No | 381 | ref | - | |||||||
| Yes | 29 | 2.830 | 1.500-5.336 | |||||||
| Cerebral embolism⁎⁎ | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | |||||||
| No | 321 | ref | - | ref | - | ref | - | |||
| Yes | 89 | 2.579 | 1.638-4.061 | 2.518 | 1.544-4.105 | 2.518 | 1.544-4.105 | |||
| Vascular phenomena | 0.181 | |||||||||
| No | 214 | ref | - | |||||||
| Yes | 196 | 1.338 | 0.874-2.051 | |||||||
| Immunologic phenomena | 0.674 | |||||||||
| No | 359 | ref | - | |||||||
| Yes | 51 | 1.140 | 0.619-2.099 | |||||||
| Persistent sepsis despite treatment | 0.160 | |||||||||
| No | 364 | ref | . | |||||||
| Yes | 46 | 1.528 | 0.846-2.758 | |||||||
| Serum creatinine level ≥180 µmol/L | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | |||||||
| No | 291 | ref | - | ref | - | ref | - | |||
| Yes | 119 | 4.683 | 3.024-7.251 | 3.133 | 1.990-4.932 | 3.133 | 1.990-4.932 | |||
Crude and adjusted Cox regressions were performed.
⁎
Stepwise selection, sle=0.20, sls=0.05
+
Covariates resulting from the selection process in the whole sample were forced into the model
⁎⁎
Time dependent covariate