Table 4.
Factors associated with 1-year mortality in the whole sample (pooled (NT+NTT+T) group) (Starting point=inclusion)
| Whole sample (N=466) |
|||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Crude association |
Adjusted association* |
||||||
| n | HR | 95% CI | p | HR | 95% CI | p | |
| Socio-demographic | |||||||
| Age | <0.001 | <0.001 | |||||
| < 70 | 285 | ref | - | ref | - | ||
| ≥70 | 181 | 2.495 | 1.764-3.529 | 2.402 | 1.653-3.489 | ||
| Sex | 0.103 | ||||||
| Female | 118 | ref | - | ||||
| Male | 348 | 0.736 | 0.509-1.064 | ||||
| Medical history | |||||||
| Charlson Comorbidity index⁎⁎⁎ | <0.001 | 0.001 | |||||
| <2 | 252 | ref | - | ref | - | ||
| ≥ 2 | 214 | 1.011 | 1.006-1.016 | 1.008 | 1.003-1.013 | ||
| High blood pressure⁎⁎⁎ | <0.001 | 0.006 | |||||
| No | 245 | ref | - | ref | - | ||
| Yes | 221 | 1.008 | 1.004-1.012 | 1.006 | 1.002-1.010 | ||
| Injection drug use | 0.079 | ||||||
| No | 440 | ref | - | ||||
| Yes | 26 | 0.358 | 0.114-1.125 | ||||
| Underlying heart disease (HD) | 0.806 | ||||||
| No previously known HD | 240 | ref | - | ||||
| Previously known HD without prosthetic valve | 126 | 0.887 | 0.588-1.338 | ||||
| Prosthetic valve | 100 | 1.029 | 0.667-1.587 | ||||
| Previous IE | 0.078 | ||||||
| No | 436 | ref | - | ||||
| Yes | 30 | 0.408 | 0.151-1.105 | ||||
| Cardiac implantable electronic device | 0.276 | ||||||
| No | 403 | ref | - | ||||
| Yes | 63 | 1.289 | 0.816-2.038 | ||||
| IE profile | |||||||
| Clinical characteristics | |||||||
| Suspected source of infection | 0.033 | ||||||
| Community | 348 | ref | - | ||||
| Healthcare-related, acquired in hospital | 105 | 1.540 | 1.055-2.246 | ||||
| Healthcare-related, not acquired in hospital | 13 | 2.010 | 0.879-4.599 | ||||
| Left heart endocarditis | 0.471 | ||||||
| No | 93 | ref | - | ||||
| Yes | 373 | 1.177 | 0.756-1.831 | ||||
| Fever | 0.559 | ||||||
| No | 66 | ref | - | ||||
| Yes | 400 | 1.164 | 0.699-1.937 | ||||
| Heart failure⁎⁎⁎ | 0.001 | 0.027 | |||||
| No | 307 | ref | - | ref | - | ||
| Yes | 159 | 1.006 | 1.002-1.009 | 1.004 | 1.000-1.007 | ||
| Microbiological characteristics | |||||||
| Staphylococcal IE | <0.001 | 0.004 | |||||
| No | 297 | ref | - | ref | - | ||
| Yes | 169 | 2.179 | 1.548-3.067 | 1.679 | 1.177-2.395 | ||
| Echocardiographic characteristics | |||||||
| Vegetation | 0.885 | ||||||
| No vegetation | 59 | ref | - | ||||
| ≤15mm | 207 | 1.051 | 0.596-1.855 | ||||
| >15mm | 119 | 1.221 | 0.669-2.231 | ||||
| Unknown size of vegetation | 81 | 1.099 | 0.573-2.106 | ||||
| Perforation | 0.143 | 0.020 | |||||
| No | 381 | ref | - | ref | - | ||
| Yes | 85 | 0.690 | 0.420-1.134 | 0.545 | 0.327-0.909 | ||
| IE complications | |||||||
| Cardiac abscess⁎⁎ | 0.283 | ||||||
| No | 367 | ref | - | ||||
| Yes | 99 | 1.299 | 0.806-2.096 | ||||
| Septic shock⁎⁎ | <0.001 | <0.001 | |||||
| No | 390 | ref | - | ref | - | ||
| Yes | 76 | 4.129 | 2.840-6.003 | 3.360 | 2.211-5.104 | ||
| Cerebral haemorrhage⁎⁎ | 0.015 | ||||||
| No | 433 | ref | - | ||||
| Yes | 33 | 2.042 | 1.151-3.622 | ||||
| Cerebral embolism⁎⁎ | <0.001 | <0.001 | |||||
| No | 369 | ref | - | ref | - | ||
| Yes | 97 | 2.256 | 1.545-3.293 | 2.324 | 1.556-3.469 | ||
| Vascular phenomena⁎⁎⁎ | 0.182 | ||||||
| No | 246 | ref | - | ||||
| Yes | 220 | 0.998 | 0.094-1.001 | ||||
| Immunologic phenomena | 0.272 | ||||||
| No | 411 | ref | - | ||||
| Yes | 55 | 0.717 | 0.396-1.298 | ||||
| Persistent sepsis despite treatment | 0.091 | ||||||
| No | 416 | ref | - | ||||
| Yes | 50 | 1.521 | 0.936-2.474 | ||||
| Serum creatinine level ≥180 µmol/L | <0.001 | <0.001 | |||||
| No | 333 | ref | - | ref | - | ||
| Yes | 133 | 3.996 | 2.832-5.638 | 2.780 | 1.944-3.977 | ||
Crude and adjusted Cox regressions were performed.
⁎
Stepwise selection, sle=0.20, sls=0.05
⁎⁎
Time dependent covariate
⁎⁎⁎
Time-varying covariate (interaction with time)